Konseling gizi dan pengaruhnya terhadap asupan zat gizi dan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Suwarni Suwarni(1*), Ahmad Husein Asdie(2), Herni Astuti(3)
(1) Politeknik Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan R.I. Kendari
(2) Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. Sardjito
(3) Instalasi Gizi RSUP Dr. Sardjito
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Background : Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide diseases that can be an important public health challenge. The causes of hypertension are high consumption of salt and fat, obesity, stress, age, sex, family history, smoking, and consumption of alcoholic drinks. The prevalence of hypertension in the world, Asia, and Indonesia are 15-20%, 8-18%, and 1,8-28,6%, respectively. The solution to this problem is not only depend on drugs but also counseling through leaflet as the process of assisting clients in facing the problem of hypertension.
Objectives : To know the effect of nutrition counseling on nutrition intake and blood pressure of hypertension outpatients at local hospital of the Province of Southeast Sulawesi.
Methods : The study was quasi experimental with pre- and post-control design. Samples were divided into 2 groups; intervention group was given nutrition counseling and leaflet and the second (control) was only given leaflet. Samples were hypertension outpatients who fulfilled inclusions and exclusions criteria, and there were 25 samples per group. Data of nutrient intake were processed using Nutrisurvey. Chi-square test was used to identify the difference between the intervention group and the control group; whereas t-test was used to identify independent as well as dependent variables.
Results : There were no significant differences in intake of fat, natrium, potassium, and magnesium between the intervention group and control group (p > 0.05); but there were differences between them at the end of study (p < 0.05). Blood pressures of both of them were also not different (p > 0.05); however, at the end of study there was difference between them (p < 0.05).
Conclusion : Nutrition counseling could improve nutrition intake and blood pressure of hypertension outpatients at local hospital of the Province of Southeast Sulawesi.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Gunawan L. Hipertensi Tekanan Darah Tinggi. Yogyakarta: Kanisius; 2001.
Wiryowidagdo S, Sitanggang M. Tanaman Obat untuk Penyakit Jantung, Darah Tinggi, dan Kolesterol. Jakarta: Penerbit Agromedia Pustaka; 2007.
Notoatmojo S. Pendidikan dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta; 2003.
Curry KR, Jaffe A. Nutrition Counceling and Communication Skills. Amerika Serikat: WB Saunders Company; 1998. p. 24-32.
Snetselaar LG. Nutrition Counseling Skills for Medical Nutrition Therapy. Gaitherburg, Maryland: An Aspen Publication; 1997.
Chandradewi AAS, Hadi Hamam, Sudargo Toto. Pengaruh Konseling Gizi terhadap Asupan Zat Gizi Lanjut Usia pada Kelompok Karang Lansia di Kota Mataram. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat [serial online] 2002 [cited 2008 Feb 5 ]:XVIII(2). Available from: http://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/ jurnal/detail.php?dataId=8484.
Magdalena. Pengaruh Konseling Gizi Menggunakan Standar Diet terhadap Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Diet pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin [tesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2005
Darmojo B, Hadi H, Andayani R, Hirlan, Djoni B, Punomo HD. In: Perhimpunan Gerontologi Medik Indonesia, editor. Naskah Lengkap Temu Nasional I dan Konferensi Kerja III Perhimpunan Gerontologi Medik Indonesia. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 2002.
Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Kendari: RSUD Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara; 2006.
Lemeshow S, Hosmer D, Klar J. 1990. Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. (Terjemahan) Pramono D. Yogyakarta: UGM Press; 1997.
Hardinsyah, Tambunan V. Angka Kecukupan Energi, Protein, Lemak, dan Serat Makanan. In: Soekirman, Ananto K, Ning P, Drajat M, Mewa A, Idrus J, editors. Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi di Era Otonomi Daerah dan Globalisasi: Prosiding Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi VIII; 2004; Jakarta: LIPI-PERSAGI; 2004.
Proboprastowo SM, Dwiriani CM. Angka Kecukupan Air dan Elektrolit. In: Soekirman, Ananto K, Ning P, Drajat M, Mewa A, Idrus J, editors. Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi di Era Otonomi Daerah dan Globalisasi: Prosiding Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi VIII; 17-19 Mei 2004; Jakarta: LIPI-PERSAGI; 2004. p. 417-30.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. Tabel Angka Kecukupan Gizi 2004 bagi Orang Indonesia. Gizi Net [serial online] 2004 [cited 2007 Dec 5]. Available from: http://www.gizi.net/ download/AKG2004.pdf.
JNC VII. Seventh Report of Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatmen of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension [serial online] 2004 [cited 2007 Jul 20]. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ guidelines/hypertension/jnc7full.htm.
Budiman H. Peran Gizi pada Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Hipertensi. Medika 1999; XXV(12): 784–8
.
Marssy R. Benarkah Lemak Kurang Menyehatkan?. Wordpress [serial online] 2007 Feb [cited 2008 Feb].Available from: http://radmarssy.wordpress.com/ 2007/02/15/benarkah-lemak-kurang-menyehatkan/.
Riyadi A, Wiyono P, Budiningsari RD. Asupan gizi dan status gizi sebagai faktor risiko hipertensi esensial pada lansia di Puskesmas Curup dan Perumnas Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Propinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 2007;4(1):43-51.
Marliani L, Tantan S. 100 Questions dan Answers Hipertensi. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo Kelompok Gramedia; 2007.
Widarti IGA. Pengaruh Konseling Gizi kepada Ibu terhadap Pola Konsumsi Makanan dan Status Gizi Anak Balitanya di Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali [tesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2001.
Arhya IN. Pengaruh Diet Natrium dan Kalium terhadap Tekanan Darah. Medika 1993; 8: 27-30.
Direktorat Jenderal Pelayanan Medik, Departemen Kesehatan RI. Buku Pedoman Pengelolaan Pelayanan Gizi Rumah Sakit. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pelayanan Medik, Departemen Kesehatan RI; 1990.
Hajjar I, Theodore K. Regional Variations of Blood Pressure in the United States are Associated with Regional Variations in Dietary Intakes: The NHANES-III Data Departement of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Palmetto Health Alliance/University of South Carolina, Columbia and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. South Carolina, Columbia: Departement of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Palmetto Health Alliance/University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Lovastatin K. Penyakit Jantung dan Tekanan Darah Tinggi. Jakarta: PT Prestasi Pustakarya; 2006.
Prayitno, Amti E. Dasar-dasar Bimbingan dan Konseling. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta: 2004.
Kawano Y, Matsuoka H, Takishita S, Omae T. Effects of Magnesium Supplementation In Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension 1998; 32: 260-5.
Bakri S, Ariadnyana IB. Pengobatan non Farmakologik pada Hipertensi. Medika 1991; 1: 43-52.
Adrianto P. Pencegahan Penyakit Jantung Koroner. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 1996.
Tamsuri A. Konseling dalam Keperawatan. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2008.
Susetyowati. Pengaruh Konseling Gizi dengan Buklet terhadap Konsumsi Makanan dan Status Gizi Penderita Gagal Ginjal Kronik dengan Hemodialisis di RSUP DR Sardjito Yogyakarta. Prosiding Konas XII Persagi; 2002; Indonesia. p. 311-6.
Salman. Pengaruh Konseling Gizi dengan Standar Diet terhadap Pengendalian Kadar Glukosa Darah Pasien DM Type II Rawat Jalan di RSU Manado [tesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2002.
Reppie RM, Asdie HAH, Astuti H. (2007) Pengaruh Konseling Gizi dengan Buku Saku Diet pada Pasien Hiperurisemia Rawat Jalan di RSUD Noongan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 2007; 4(1): 35-42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17684
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 13808 | views : 14845Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.