Pola makan dan obesitas sebagai faktor risiko diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17456

Ni Komang Wiardani(1*), Hamam Hadi(2), Emy Huriyati(3)

(1) Politeknik Kesehatan Denpasar
(2) Magister Gizi dan Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with its increasing prevalence worldwide, including in Indonesia and in Bali province especially among adult group. The increasing prevalence of DM is followed by the increasing prevalence of obesity affected by changes in lifestyle and unhealthy dietary patterns.

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate relations between dietary patterns and obesity with type 2 DM in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.

Method: The study was observational analytic with matched case control study. Subject of the study was divided into two groups, i.e. case and control with comparison case and control 1:2 which matched to age and sex. The cases were type 2 DM patients who had recently diagnosed on first visited in Sanglah Hospital. Control 1 was outpatients of non-type 2 DM in Sanglah Hospital and control 2 were taken from the case-neighboring household. Total subject were 147, taken by consecutive method. Collected data were subject identity, dietary patterns, physical activity, weight, height, waist circumference and fasting blood sugar. Dietary patterns were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity was collected using modified International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and fasting blood sugar were estimated using biosensor of glucose. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with type 2 DM.

Result: This study showed that there were 5 variables significantly related with type 2 DM, i.e. interaction of overall obesity with the dietary fiber intake (OR:10.7; 95% CI: 3.5-33.7), family history (OR:5.5, 95% CI: 2.2-13.3), source of high fat animal protein (OR:4.9, 95% CI:1.5-16.1), source of low fat animal protein (OR:0.1, 95% CI: 0-0.5), hypertension (OR:3.7, 95% CI:1.4-9.9)

Conclusion: The interaction between overall obesity with dietary fiber intake, family history, source of high fat animal protein, source of low fat animal protein and hypertension were the risk factors of type 2 DM occurrence in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.

Keywords


dietary patterns; risk factors; obesity; type 2 DM.

Full Text:

PDF


References

WHO. Facts Related to Chronic Disease: Non Communicable Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. [Serial online]. 2003. Available from: http:// www.who.int. (Accessed 2005 April 14).

Departemen Kesehatan RI. Penderita Kencing Manis di Indonesia ke-4 Dunia. [Serial online]. 2005. Tersedia dalam: http://www.depkes.co.id. (Diakses 4 Februari 2006).

RS Sanglah Denpasar. Laporan Tahunan Pola Penyakit Rawat Inap dan Rawat Jalan di RS Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2004. Denpasar: RS Sanglah; 2004.

Azwar A. Kecenderungan Masalah Gizi dan Tantangan di Masa Datang. Disampaikan pada pertemuan Advokasi Program Program Kadarsi 27 September 2004, Jakarta.

Suyono S. Masalah Diabetes di Indonesia. Dalam: Noer S, Waspadji S, Rachman AM, Lesmana LA, Widodo D, Isbagio H, dkk. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jakarta: FK UI; 1996. p. 571-85.

WHO. Diabetes Program (Country and Regional data). [Serial online]. 2005. Available from: http:// www.who.int. (Accessed 2005 April 14).

Departemen Kesehatan RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2000. Jakarta: Depkes RI; 2000.

Mooy JM. Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in a General Caucasian Population: The Horn Study. Netherland: Netherland Vrije Universiteit; 1995.

US Departmen of Health and Human Services Public Health Service. Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objective. Washington: DHHS Publications; 2000.

Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2003). Peran diit dalam Penanggulangan Diabetes. Makalah disampaikan dalam rangka Seminar Pekan Diabetes; 25-27 Maret 2003. Jakarta; Indonesia.

Tashev P. Nutritional Aspects of Obesity and Diabetes and Their Relation to Cardiovasculer [CD-ROM]. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 1986;8(3).

Gill T. Importance of Preventing Weight gain in Adulthood. Asia Pasific J Clin Nutr 2002;11;632-6.

Wylie JR, & Frank V. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Bowman BA & Russel RM. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Washington DC: ILSI Press; 2001. p. 552-65.

FAO. Carbohidrat in Human Nutritrion [CD-ROOM]. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 66. Roma: FAO –FPND; 1998.

Suyono S, & Samsuridjal D. Penyakit Degeratif dan Gizi Lebih. Dalam: Rifai MA, Nontji A, Erwidodo, Jalal F, Fardiaz D, & Fallah TS, editors. Risalah Widya Karya Pangan dan Gizi April 1993. Jakarta: LIPI; 1994.

Warram JH, & Andrzej SK. Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Dalam: Kahn CR, King GL, Moses AC, Weir GC, Jacobson AM, & Smith RJ, editors. Joslin’s Diabetes Mellitus. Philadelpia: Wlliams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 340-53.

American Diabetes Association (ADA). The Genetic of Diabetic. [Serial online]. 2005. Available from: http:/ /www.diabetes.org. (Accessed 2005 June 25).

Budhiarta AAG, Aryana IGPS., Saraswati R, & Suastika K. Hubungan Obesitas Dengan Diabetes Mellitus dan Hipertensi Pada Penduduk Baliage di Desa Pedawa, Buleleng Bali. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Januari 2005;6(1):1-6.

Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohan D, Bergmann KV, Grundy SM, & Brinkley LJ. Beneficial Effect of High Dietary Fiber Intake in Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1392-8.

Tomisaka K, Lako J, Maruyama C, Anh NTL, Lien DTK, Khoi HH, et al. Dietary Pattern and risk Factor For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Fijian, Japanese, Vietnamese Populations. Asia Pasific J Clin Nutr 2002;11(1):8-12.

Van Dam RM, Rimm EB, Willet WC, Stampfer MJ, & Hu FB. Dietary Pattern and Risk For Type 2 Diabe-tes Mellitus in U.S. Men. Ann Intern Med 2002;136(3):201-9.

WHO. Diet, Nutrition and Prevention of Chronic Di-sease. WHO Technical Report Series, 916. Geneva: WHO; 2003.

Hawkins M, & Rossetti L. Insulin Resistance and Its Role in The Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. In: Kahn CR, King GL, Moses AC, Weir GC, Jacobson AM, & Smith R, editors. Joslin’s Diabe-tes Mellitus. Philadelpia: Wlliams & Wilkins: 2005. p. 425-498.

Gross LS, Lili, Ford ES, Liu S. Increase Consumptiom of Refine Carbohydrate and Epidemic of Tipe 2 Diabetes in United State an Ecology Assesment. USA. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:774-9.

Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willet WC, & Hu FB. Glicemic Index, Glicemic Load and Dietary Fiber Intake and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Younger and Middle-age Women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:348-56.

Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR, Slavin J, Sellers TA, & Folson A. Carbohidrats, Dietary Fiber and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Older Women. Am J Clinl Nutr 2000;71:921-30

Asdie AH. Patogenesis dan Terapi Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Yogyakarta: Medika FK UGM; 2000.

Webber J. Changing Epidemiology of Obesity Implications for Diabetes. In: Barnet AH, & Kumar S. Obesity & Diabetes. England: Wiley; 2004. p.1-47.

Gotera W, Aryana SIGP, Saraswati R, Budhiarta AAG, Sutanegara IND, Suastika K, dkk. Studi Epidemiologi Obesitas Sentral dan Sindrom Metabolik pada Penduduk Pedesaan dan Perkotaan di Bali. Majalah Penyakit Dalam September 2003;4(3):166-70.

Shakher J, & Barnett AH. Diabetes, Obesity and Cardiovaskuler Disease-Therapeutic Implications. In: Barnet AH, & Kumar S, editors. Obesity & Diabe-tes. USA: John Wiley & Sons; 2004.

Ros E. Dietary cis-Monosaturated Fatty Acids and Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Clinl Nutr 2003;78(Supll):617S-25S.

Hadju V, & Rimbawan. Konsumsi Ikan dan Penyakit Jantung. Dalam: Taha AR, Veni H, Satoto, & Hardinsyah, editors. Pangan dan Gizi di Era Desentralisasi: masalah dan strategi pemecahan. Pergizi Pangan-UNHAS: 2002.

Salmeron J, Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, & Willet W. Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:1019-25.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17456

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 8625 | views : 7898

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free
web stats View My Stats