Efek F100 dan formula tepung tempe terhadap kadar serum Fe dan hemoglobin pada anak gizi kurang
Tsalissavrina Iva(1*), Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono(2), Lily Arsanti Lestari(3)
(1) Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Malang
(2) Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito
(3) Program Studi Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Background: Protein energy deficiency is a major public health problem in Indonesia. WHO has recommended F100 made from skim milk for undernourished patient. Alternative formulas have been developed using other nutritious foods that are cheaper, easily accessible and can be used for children with lactose intolerance such as tempe flour.
Objective: To investigate the effect of F100 and tempe flour formula supplementation on serum Fe and hemoglobin (Hb) levels of undernourished child.
Method: This was an experimental study with randomized controlled clinical trial design and purposive sampling method. Subjects of the study were undernourished patients aged 1-10 years hospitalized at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. Sample consisted of 30 patients divided into 2 groups; group 1 supplemented with F100 and group 2 with tempe flour formula. Hb level was assessed by cyanmethemoglobin and serum Fe level by colorimetric method. Dietary intake data was collected by visual comstock and food recall. Data were analyzed by chi square, unpaired t-test and double linear regression.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in Hb (p=0.139) and serum Fe levels (p=0.313) between both groups after treatment. Intake data indicated that there was a significant disparity in protein (p=0.019) and Fe intake (p=0.006) between the two groups, whereas energy, fat and carbohydrate intake showed no significant differences. Lastly, the association between energy and nutrient intake with serum Fe and Hb levels was not significant and the correlation was weak (r<1).
Conclusion: There were no significant differences in hemoglobin and serum Fe levels between F100 group and tempe flour formula group, but there was a significant difference in protein and Fe intake.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Depkes. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2010.
Ernawati N. Efek suplementasi zink dan besi pada pertumbuhan anak. [series online] 2003 [cited 29 Des 2009]. Available from: URL: http.//www.library.usu.ac.id
WHO. Management of severe malnutrition: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers. Geneva: WHO; 1999.
Soekirman. Ilmu gizi dan aplikasinya untuk keluarga dan masyarakat. Jakarta: Ditjen Dikti Departemen Pendidikan Nasional; 2000.
Hadju V, Taslim NA, Tawali A, Thaha AR. Effect of tempe formula supplementation through posyandu on nutritional status of children in South Sulawesi. Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI 2004;12(2):13–22.
Ratnasari N. Manfaat diet tempe kedelai pada penderita sirosis hati [Tesis]. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2000.
Astawan. Sehat dengan tempe. Jakarta: PT. Dian Rakyat; 2008.
Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J. Adequacy of sample size in health studies. Pramono D. 1997 (Alih bahasa). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 1997.
Budiarto E. Metodologi penelitian kedokteran, sebuah pengantar. Jakarta: EGC; 2004.
Irawati, Prawiningdyah Y, Budiningsari RD. Analisis sisa makanan dan biaya sisa makan pasien skizoprenia rawat inap di RS Jiwa Madani Palu. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 2010;6(3):123–31.
Willet W. Nutritional epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998.
Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Persatuan Ahli Gizi Indonesia. Penuntun Diit Anak. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia; 2003.
Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States: methods and development. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat II (246); 2002.
Almatsier S. Prinsip dasar ilmu gizi. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia; 2002.
Astuti M. Tempe dan ketersediaan besi untuk penanggulangan anemia besi. Dalam: Sapuan, Sutrisno N, editor. Bunga rampai tempe Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Tempe Indonesia; 1996.
Marks BD, Marks AD, Smith CM. Basic medical biochemistry: a clinical approach. USA: Williams and Wilkins; 1996.
Lind T, Loennerdal B, Persson LA, Stenlund H, Tennefors C, Herneell O. Effect of weaning cereals with different phytate contents on hemoglobin, iron stores, and serum zinc: a randomized intervention in infants from 6 to 12 mo of age. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78(1):168–75.
Doemelloef M, Lind T, Loennerdal B, Persson LA, Dewey K, Hernell O. Effects of mode of oral iron administration on serum ferritin and haemoglobin in infants. Acta Paediatr 2008;97(8):1055–60.
Listyawati. Ketersediaan zat besi pada tikus (Rattus novergicus L.) setelah pemberian tempe lamtoro gung. Jurnal BioSmart 2003;5(1):47–50.
Rodak B, Fristma GA, Doig K. Hematology clinical principles and applications 3th ed. China: WB Saunders; 2002.
Suega K. Hubungan besi dan produksi sitokin. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam 2006;7(2):149–58.
Pudjirahadju A, Sulistyowati E, Santoso AH. Studi pengembangan tepung tempe sebagai bahan substitusi pada formula enteral rumah sakit. Malang: Laporan Akhir Riset Pembinaan Tenaga Kesehatan; 2003.
Kasmidjo. Tempe mikrobiologi dan biokimia pengolahan serta pemanfaatannya. Yogyakarta: Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan Dan Gizi UGM; 1990.
Diop EHI, Dossou NI, Ndour MM, Briend A, Wade S. Comparison of the efficacy of a solid ready-to-use food and a liquid, milk-based diet for the rehabilitation of severely malnourished children: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78(2):302–7.
Spodaryk K. Disparity between dietary iron intake and iron status of children aged 10-12 years. Arch Physiol Biochem 1999;107(5):361–6.
Hilman RS, Ault K, Rinder HM. Hematology in clinical practice. A guide to diagnosis and management. New York: Mc Graw-Hill; 2002.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.15373
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 6117 | views : 8093Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.