* Corresponding Author
Small-Scale Fisher's Livelihood Strategies: Findings from Case Studies in Several Indonesian Coastal Areas
https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.82815 Hery Saksono(1), Zulfa Nur Auliatun Nissa’(2), Suadi Suadi(3*)
(1) Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran”, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Globally, small-scale fisheries have a substantial impacts on food security, nutrition, and well-being as well as the main livelihood for coastal communities. Due to widespread environmental changes, some 2.67 million Indonesia fishers who depend on small-scale fishing are vulnerable to poverty and environmental deterioration. This study summarizes the results of studies related to the analysis of the livelihoods of small-scale fishers through several case studies conducted by the Fisheries Socioeconomic Laboratory at the Department of Fisheries UGM, during 2015 to 2020. Such literature review was employed as the primary methodology in this study and it is essential for developing conceptual models for synthesizing research findings and identifying the areas for further investigation. The study examines the livelihoods of small-scale fishers with a focus on livelihood resources, responses to pressure on livelihood resources, and survival strategies. The study discusses on the livelihoods of small-scale fishers who actively engage in fishing activities with boats of approximately 10 GT, with 2 to 5 fishers per boat. The study found that most small-scale fishersonly have a basic education particularly elementary school, have no other employment options during bad weather, and are under pressure from a variety of environmental change factors. Small-scale fishers are particularly exposed to pressures from the weather, gear bans, rising fuel prices, and low levels of education, and overfishing. Small-scale fishing households adapt by reorganizing household tasks, utilizing various technology, and developing group organizations to avoid problems like territory disputes. The fishers also do this by requesting support and subsidies and actively partaking in religious activities. Local customs that forbid fishing on particular days are said to aid in the replenishment of fish stocks, making sea alms a safety net for fisher communities.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adger, W.N. 2006. Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change. 16: 268-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006
Allison, E.H & F. Ellis. 2001. The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy. 25 (5): 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(01)00023-9
Anna, Z., A.A. Yusuf, A.S. Alisjahbana, A.A. Ghina & R. Rahma. 2019. Are fishermen happier? Evidence from a large-scale subjective well-being survey in a lower-middle-income country. Marine Policy. 10: 103559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103559
Atmojo, B.K.D. 2017. Analisis sumber penghidupan nelayan Desa Betahwalang Kecamatan Bonang Kabupaten Demak. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Bailey, C & C. Pomeroy. 1996. Resource dependency and development options in coastal Southeast Asia. Society and Natural Resources. 9 (2): 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941929609380964.
Bappenas, K.P.P.N. (n.d.). Kedeputian Bidang Kependudukan dan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian PPN/Bappenas.
Béné, C & R.M. Friend. 2011. Poverty in small-scale fisheries: Old issue, new analysis. Progress in Development Studies. 11 (2): 119-144. https://doi.org/10.1177/146499341001100203
Berkes, F. 2007. Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: Lessons from resilience thinking. Natural Hazards. 41 (2): 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-9036-7
BPS. (2018). STATISTIK. 42: 1-16.
Chen, C & D. Lopez-Carr. 2015. The importance of place: Unraveling the vulnerability of fisherman livelihoods to the impact of marine protected areas. Applied Geography. 59: 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.10.015
Chuenpagdee, R., L. Liguori, M. Palomares & D. Pauly.2006). Bottom-up, global estimates of small-scale marine fisheries catches. Fisheries Centre Research Reports. Fisheries Centre Research Reports. 14 (8): 1198-6727. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0074761
Dharmawan, A. H. 2007. Sistem penghidupan dan nafkah pedesaan. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Jurnal Transdisiplin Sosiologi, Komunikasi, Dan Ekologi Manusia. 1 (2): 169-192. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v1i2.5932
Dharmawan, A.H & Z.N.A. Nissa. 2020. Kerentanan dan kelentingan nafkah rumah tangga pedesaan: Sebuah tipologi yang ditarik dari studi kasus petani dan nelayan skala kecil Di Indonesia. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan. 8 (1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.22500/8202028458
Fabinyi, M., B. Belton, W.H. Dressler, M. Knudsen, D.S. Adhuri, A. Abdul Aziz, M.A. Akber, J. Kittitornkool, C. Kongkaew, M., Marschke, M. Pido, N. Stacey, D.J. Steenbergen & P. Vandergeest. 2022. Coastal transitions: Small-scale fisheries, livelihoods, and maritime zone developments in Southeast Asia. Journal of Rural Studies. 91: 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.02.006
FAO. 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. In FAO. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en
Fulton, E.A., A.D.M. Smith, D.C. Smith & I.E. Van Putten. 2011. Human behaviour: The key source of uncertainty in fisheries management. Fish and Fisheries. 12 (1): 2-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00371.x
Garcia, S.M., E.H. Allison, N.J. Andrew, C. Béné, G. Bianchi, G.J. de Graaf, D.R.M. Kalikoski & J. Orensanz. 2008. Towards integrated assessment and advice in small-scale fisheries: Principles and processes. In FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. 515
Gina, I.R. 2020. Analisis Sumber Penghidupan Anak Buah Kapal di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Pondok Dadap, Sendang Biru, Kabupaten Malang. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Hahn, M.B., A.M. Riederer & S.O. Foster. 2009. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change-A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change. 19 (1): 74-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.11.002
Halim, A., B. Wiryawan, N.R. Loneragan, A.Hordyk, M.F.A. Sondita, A.T. White, S. Koeshendrajana, T. Ruchimat, R.S. Pomeroy & C. Yuni. 2019. Developing a functional definition of small-scale fisheries in support of marine capture fisheries management in Indonesia. Marine Policy. 100: 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.044
Harkness, P.L. 2020. Reconciling Conservation and Development Interests for Coastal Livelihoods Understanding foundations for small-scale fisheries co- management in Savu Raijua District , eastern Indonesia . February.
Humaedi, M.A. 2017. Kemiskinan nelayan: Studi kasus penyebab eksternal dan upaya revitalisasi tradisi pengentasannya di Kaliori, Rembang, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 7 (2): 193. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v7i2.5685
Iskandar, E.O. 2015. Kajian Livelihood Komunitas Masyarakat Pesisir Desa Tanjung Boleng, Kecamatan Boleng, Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. In Teaching and Teacher Education.
Iskandar, E.O. 2016. Analisis Sumber Penghidupan Nelayan Pantai Depok Desa Parangtritis Kecamatan Kretek Kabupaten Bantul. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Johnson, D.S. 2006. Category, narrative, and value in the governance of small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy. 30 (6): 747-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2006.01.002
Kalaloe, H.H. 2017. Analisis Sumber Penghidupan Nelayan Desa Glondonggede Kecamatan Tambakboyo Kabupaten Tuban. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Kardi, G.M. 2016. Analisis Sumber Penghidupan Nelayan di Desa Eretan Kulon, Kecamatan Kandanghaur, Kabupaten Indramayu. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Lawless, S., P. Cohen, C. McDougall, G. Orirana, F. Siota & K. Doyle. 2019. Gender norms and relations: implications for agency in coastal livelihoods. Maritime Studies. 18 (3): 347-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-019-00147-0
Manlosa, A.O., J. Hanspach, J. Schultner, I. Dorresteijn & J. Fischer. 2019. Livelihood strategies, capital assets, and food security in rural Southwest Ethiopia. Food Security. 11 (1): 167-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-00883-x
McWilliam, A.R., N.I. Wianti & Y. Taufik. 2021. Poverty and prosperity among Sama Bajo fishing communities (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia). Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. 42 (1): 132-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12349
Nissa, Z., A.H. Dharmawan & S. Saharuddin. 2019. Vulnerability analysis of small fishermen’s household livelihoods in Tegal City. Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesia Society and Culture. 11 (2): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v11i2.18583
Nissa, Z.N.A., S. Suadi & S. Sukardi. 2018. Livelihood analysis of floating net cages fish farmers at Sendang Village Sub-district of Gajah Mungkur Reservoir of Wonogiri Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 139 (1): 0-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/139/1/012033
Njock, J.C & L. Westlund. 2010. Migration, resource management and global change: Experiences from fishing communities in West and Central Africa. Marine Policy. 34 (4): 752-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2010.01.020
Pauwelussen, A.P. 2015. The moves of a Bajau middlewoman: Understanding the Disparity between trade networks and marine conservation. Anthropological Forum. 25 (4): 329-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2015.1054343
Putra, G.D.A. 2018. Analisis Sumber Penghidupan Nelayan Pukat Hela di Kelurahan Belawan Bahari Kecamatan Medan Belawan Kota Medan. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Saragih, S., J. Lassa & A. Ramli. 2007. Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Hivos-Circle Indonesia. https://www.academia.edu/download/47712304/Kerangka_Penghidupan_Berkelanjutan.pdf
Satria, A. 2015. Pengantar Sosiologi Masyarakat Pesisir. Yayasan Pustaka Obor.
Stacey, N., G. Acciaioli, J. Clifton & D.J. Steenbergen. 2017. Impacts of marine protected areas on livelihoods and food security of the Bajau as an indigenous migratory people in maritime Southeast Asia. Marine Protected Areas: Interactions with Fishery Livelihoods and Food Security. 113-126. http://www.fao.org/policy-support/resources/resources-details/en/c/853709/
Suadi, S., Z.N.A. Nissa, R.I. Widyana, B..KD.Atmojo, H. Saksono & A.D. Jayanti. 2021. Livelihood strategies of two small-scale fisher communities: Adaptation strategies under different fishery resource at southern and northern coast of Java. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 919 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012010
Teh, L.C.L & U.R. Sumaila. 2013. Contribution of marine fisheries to worldwide employment. Fish and Fisheries. 14 (1): 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00450.x
Trihardiyani, M. 2018. Analisis Sumber Penghidupan Nelayan Gill Net di Kelurahan Cilacap Kecamatan Cilacap Selatan Kabupaen Cilacap. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Vatria, B., B. Wiryawan, E.S. Wiyono & M.S. Baskoro. 2019. The resilience of small fishermen’s livelihood in Maya Island Indonesia; a case study on purse seine capture fisheries. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation. 12 (1): 310-319. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20193154562
Widyana, R.I. 2016. Analisis Sumber Penghidupan Nelayan di Desa Glagah Kecamatan Temon Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
World Bank. 2013. Fish to 2030: Prospects for fisheries and aquaculture - World Bank Report Number 83177-GLB. Agriculture and Environmental Services Discussion Paper. 3 (83177): 102. https://doi.org/83177-GLB
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.82815
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2037
| 
views : 1760
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada (print ISSN 0853-6384; online ISSN 2502-5066) is published by Department of Fisheries, Universitas Gadjah Mada in collaboration with Semnaskan UGM (Seminar Nasional Tahunan Hasil Perikanan dan Kelautan) and ISMFR (International Symposium on Marine and Fisheries Research).
View My Stats