Differences in obesity between the groups consuming snacks and breakfast habits in Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan

https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.71706

Tri Niswati Utami(1*), Lita Sri Andayani(2), Eliska Eliska(3), Susilawati Susilawati(4), Zuhrina Aidha(5), Reni Agustina Harahap(6)

(1) Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan Indonesia
(4) Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(5) Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(6) Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Overweight and obesity are increasing in Indonesia, and these conditions pose a growing threat to people with non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to show the difference in obesity among respondents who consume snacks compared to respondents who have the habit of eating breakfast with three choices to select from: always, sometimes, or never. This comparison was done to analyze the relationship between breakfast habits and snack consumption. This cross-sectional study collected data using a survey on 26 – 27 November 2021. The sample population included the entire academic community of the Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan. The sample was determined by an accidental sampling technique. Research instruments were used in the form of questionnaires, microtoise and weight scales to measure the anthropometrics of height and weight. Descriptive data analysis used normality tests and because the data were not normally distributed, the Kendall and Kruskal Wallis tests were done. The results of this study indicated that 38 respondents have overweight status (17.9%), 36 respondents (17.0%) obesity I, 18 respondents (8.5%) obesity II, and 26 respondents (12.3%) underweight. There was no significant difference in obesity among respondents who have the habit of eating breakfast always, sometimes, and never, with p-value of 0.793.There was a significant difference in obesity among respondents who have the habit of eating snacks never, sometimes, and always with a p-value of 0.014. Although snacking can sometimes lead to obesity, generally the fatting types of snacks consumed are cakes and fried foods. In conclusion, limiting snack foods such as cakes and fried foods can reduce obesity. It is recommended to replace the consumption of these snacks with fruits and vegetables.



Keywords


snack consumption; obesity; excess weight; body mass index; breakfast habits

Full Text:

PDF


References

1. McCarthy A, Damiran N. Non-communicable disease risk factors among a cohort of mine workers in Mongolia. J Occup Environ Med. 2019;61(12):1072-1077.

2. Direktorat P2PTM. Buku Pedoman penyakit tidak menular. Kementeri Kesehat RI. Published online 2019:101. Available from: http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/uploads/VHcrbkVobjRzUDN3UCs4eUJ0dVBndz09/2019/03/Buku_Pedoman_Manajemen_PTM.pdf

3. Kemenkes RI. Obesitas di Indonesia kian meningkat. Published online 2018. Available from: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2026173/kemenkes-obesitas-di-indonesia-kian-meningkat

4. Allen L, Williams J, Wickramasinghe K. Socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioral risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Lancet Glob Heal. 2017;5(3):e277-2289.

5. Jannat K, Luby SP, Unicomb L, et al. Snack food consumption among Bangladeshi children, supplementary data from a large RCT. Matern Child Nutr. 2020;16(4):1-11.

6. Moore AM, Vadiveloo M, Tovar A, McCurdy K, Østbye T, Benjamin-Neelon SE. Associations of less healthy snack food consumption with infant weight-for-length z-score trajectories: findings from the nurture cohort study. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):1-12.

7. Grover S, Sinha DN, Gupta S, Gupta PC, Mehrotra R. The changing face of risk factors for non-communicable disease in Myanmar: findings from the 2009 and 2014 WHO STEP Surveys. J Public Heal (United Kingdom). 2019;41(4):750-756.

8. Gupta R, Xavier D. Hypertension: The most important non-communicable disease risk factor in India. Indian Heart J. 2018;70(4):565-572.

9. Díaz-Méndez C, Adams J. The combined use of quantitative and qualitative longitudinal methods in the study of obesity. Gac Sanit. 2021;35(6):569-579.

10. Aceves B, Ingram M, Nieto C, de Zapien JG, Rosales C. Non-communicable disease prevention in Mexico: policies, programs, and regulations. Health Promot Int. 2021;35(2):409-421.

11. Jaulin A, Nofita. Dampak Negatif dan pencegahan obesitas. J Pengabdi Farm Malahayati. 2018;1(1):1-5.

12. Warganegara E, Nur NN. Faktor Risiko perilaku penyakit tidak menular. Majority. 2016;5(2):88-94. Available from: http://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/majority/article/view/1082

13. Angeles-Agdeppa I, Sun Y, Tanda K V. Dietary pattern and nutrient intakes in association with non-communicable disease risk factors among Filipino adults: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 2020;19(1):1-13.

14. Maidiana M. Penelitian survey. ALACRITY J Educ. 2021;1(2):20-29.

15. Hikmawati F. Metodologi Penelitian. Rajawali Pers; 2020.

16. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Epidemi obesitas. J Kesehat. Published online 2018:1-8. Available from: http://www.p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/dokumen-ptm/factsheet-obesitas-kit-informasi-obesitas

17. Dyussenbayev A. Age Periods Of Human Life. Adv Soc Sci Res J. 2017;4(6):258-263.

18. Discenza AR, Walsh K. Closing Gender Data Gaps in the World of Work-Role of the 19 Th ICLS Standards. ILO; 2020.

19. Keetile M, Navaneetham K, Letamo G, Rakgoasi SD. Socioeconomic inequalities in non-communicable disease risk socioeconomic inequalities in non-communicable disease risk factors in Botswana: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1-9.

20. Vatanparast H, Islam N, Masoodi H, et al. Time, location and frequency of snack consumption in different age groups of Canadians. Nutr J. 2020;19(1):1-9.

21. Kemenkes. P2PTM Kemenkes_2018_Klasifikasi obesitas. Published online 2018.

22. Dobner J, Kaser S. Body mass index and the risk of infection: from underweight to obesity. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(1):24-28.

23. Purnamasari D. The emergence of non-communicable disease in Indonesia. Acta Med Indones. 2018;50(4):273-274.

24. Giyan M, Duarsa DP, Ani LS. Status gizi, pola, konsumsi sarapan dan camilan pada siswa SDN 3 Sesetan Denpasar. J Med Udaya. 2019;8(6):1-9.

25. Kemenkes RI. Program Kampus Sehat : Perguruan Tinggi sebagai agent of change sektor kesehatan - Direktorat P2PTM. Direktorat Pencegah dan Pengendali Penyakit Tidak Menular. Published online 2019. Available from: http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/kegiatan-p2ptm/pusat-/program-kampus-sehat-perguruan-tinggi-sebagai-agent-of-change-sektor-kesehatan

26. Dhungana RR, Bista B, Pandey AR, De Courten M. Prevalence, clustering and sociodemographic distributions of non-communicable disease risk factors in nepalese adolescents: secondary analysis of a nationwide school survey. BMJ Open. 2019;9(5):1-9.

27. Nugroho PS. Jenis kelamin dan umur berisiko terhadap obesitas pada remaja di Indonesia. An-Nadaa J Kesehat Masy. 2020;7(2):110.

28. Nugroho, SetiyoSelvia P. Risiko Perilaku kebiasaan ebiasaan merokok dan insomnia terhadap kejadian obesitas p pada remaja di Negara Laos. borneo student Res. 2022;3(2):1836-1841.

29. Siregar MH, Hutasuhut F, Ayu R, Sartika D. Association of central obesity and smoking with HDL level among Indonesian peoples (18-59 years). J Gizi dan Diet Indones. 2020;8(December).

30. Irdianty MS, Sudargo T, Hakimi M. Perbedaan Aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi camilan pada remaja obesitas di Kabupaten Bantul. Ber Kedokt Masy (BKM J Community Med Public Heal. 2016;32(7):91-97.

31. Blum LS, Mellisa A, Kurnia Sari E, et al. In-depth assessment of snacking behavior in unmarried adolescent girls 16–19 years of age living in urban centers of Java, Indonesia. Matern Child Nutr. 2019;15(4):1-12.

32. Suryadinata RV, Sukarno DA. Pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap risiko obesitas pada usia dewasa. Indones J Public Heal. 2019;14(1):106-116.

33. Argyrides M, Anastasiades E, Alexiou E. Risk and protective factors of disordered eating in adolescents based on gender and body mass index. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24):1-11.

34. Olawuyi AT, Adeoye IA. The prevalence and associated factors of non-communicable disease risk factors among civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):1-19.

35. Supriyati S, Habibah K, Adianto R, et al. Family social capital in the public response to COVID-19 in Indonesia. 2021;4(December):196-202.

36. Fottrell E, Ahmed N, Shaha SK, et al. Distribution of diabetes, hypertension and non-communicable disease risk factors among adults in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Glob Heal. 2018;3(6):1-14.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.71706

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1365 | views : 774

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Community Empowerment for Health

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.