Progression of myopia among medical students: A one-year cohort study

https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.42887

Agung Nugroho(1*), Mohammad Eko Prayogo(2), Widyandana Widyandana(3), Sagung Indrawati(4), Suhardjo Suhardjo(5)

(1) Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(5) Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Myopia is a common refractive disorder in literate countries related to education
and higher occupational groups. External factors affecting myopia and its progression remain
questionable. Myopia onset and progression occur during childhood and teenager. This study
aimed to determine the progression of myopia and its associated factors in the medical student
of Faculty of Medicine UGM, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, through a one-year cohort study. An initial
observational and cross-sectional survey conducted as baseline data. Correlation calculated
using Chi-square and the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. A longitudinal cohort
study conducted 12 months later to the initial survey. Myopia determined with an autorefractor
without cycloplegia. BMI, intraocular pressure, and corneal curvature evaluated as factors
related to progression. Five hundred five students (98%; 505 of 515; 317 from the school of
medicine (SoM), 188 from the school of nursing and nutrition (SoNN)) age 15-20 years were
examined. Prevalence of myopia among SoM students was 69.4% (n=220 of 317) and 41.4%
(n=78 of 188) in SoNN. Myopia (SER ≥-0.5 D) found in 298 students, 81 boys (27.2%) and 217
girls (72.8%). Chi-square test revealed that myopia more common in Chinese than Javanese
and other (p=0.006) but a similar proportion in gender (p = 0.785) and age (p=0.369). The
average change of myopic progression was -0.401 D and -0.094 D per year in SoM and SoNN,
respectively (p = 0.000). The average change of myopia of boys and girls was -0.138 D and
-0.117 D, respectively (p = 0.871). There was no statistically significant correlation between
subjective refraction change and factors related to progression. The progression of myopia in
Yogyakarta relatively similar to Western countries. Progression in the school of medicine was
higher than the school of nursing and nutrition, but similar between boys and girls. No related
factor correlated with the progression of myopia expects further studies.


Keywords


medical students; myopia; myopia progression; refractive errors

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.42887

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