Pengaruh Ketinggian Tempat terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Kandungan Steviol Glikosida pada Tanaman Stevia  ( Stevia rebaudiana )

Daniar Rafiatul Azkiyah; Tohari Tohari

doi:10.22146/veg.37165

Pengaruh Ketinggian Tempat terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Kandungan Steviol Glikosida pada Tanaman Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana)

https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.37165

Daniar Rafiatul Azkiyah^(1*), Tohari Tohari⁽²⁾

(1) Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Ketinggian tempat merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman stevia. Percobaan ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta pada bulan Juli hingga November 2017 untuk mempelajari pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kandungan steviol glikosida tanaman stevia. Tanaman stevia ditanam di tiga ketinggian tempat yang berbeda yaitu 167 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl), 582 mdpl dan 897 mdpl. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap variabel lingkungan, variabel pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, biomasa tanaman), rasio tajuk/akar, variabel hasil, dan kandungan steviol glikosida (kandungan total steviosida dan rasio rebaudiosida A/steviosida). Berdasarkan data tersebut, digunakan analisis regresi untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap variabel yang diamati. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan ketinggian tempat berkorelasi secara signifikan terhadap suhu udara yang kemudian mempengaruhi pertumbuhan (bobot segar akar dan bobot kering akar), hasil (bobot kering daun dan tajuk) dan kandungan steviol glikosida (kandungan total steviosida dan rasio rebaudiosida A/steviosida). Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman stevia dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian tempat sehingga umur panen di dataran rendah lebih pendek dibandingkan dataran tinggi. Di ketinggian 167 mdpl, kandungan rebaudiosida A lebih tinggi dibandingkan kandugan steviosida.

Keywords

Stevia; ketinggian tempat; kandungan steviol glikosida

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.37165