Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Fish Scales and Its Integration with Rice Husk for Ammonia Removal in Aquaculture Wastewater

Sofiah Hamzah; Norhafiza Ilyana Yatim; Maslinda Alias; Asmadi Ali; Nazaitulshila Rasit; Azzam Abuhabib

doi:10.22146/ijc.40907

Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Fish Scales and Its Integration with Rice Husk for Ammonia Removal in Aquaculture Wastewater

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.40907

Sofiah Hamzah^(1*), Norhafiza Ilyana Yatim⁽²⁾, Maslinda Alias⁽³⁾, Asmadi Ali⁽⁴⁾, Nazaitulshila Rasit⁽⁵⁾, Azzam Abuhabib⁽⁶⁾

(1) School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
(2) School Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
(3) School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
(4) School Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
(5) School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
(6) School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Aquaculture plays an important role in providing food and generate high income in many developing countries but the abundance of ammonia discharged from aquaculture wastewater gives the problem to the environment. This study focused on the extraction of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from fish scales and its modification with rice husk to produce bio-adsorbent for ammonia removal from aquaculture wastewater. The comparison has been made for the HAp preparation via microwave irradiation, alkaline heat treatment, and thermal decomposition method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the surface chemistry and crystallinity of HAp, respectively. While the morphology of the HAp was observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hydroxyapatite extracted via thermal decomposition method shows the best performance about 79% of ammonia removal at 210 min contact time which selected for coating agent of rice husk (RH/HAp) and was successfully removed 84% at 60 min saturation time. The result shows thermal decomposition is the best technique to extract HAp from fish scales and its integration with rice husk exhibited a better performance of bio-adsorbent. The findings of this study provide useful fundamental knowledge and platform for the development and improvement of aquaculture wastewater treatment system in the future.

Keywords

hydroxyapatite; ammonia; aquaculture wastewater; rice husk; adsorbent

Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References

[1] Randall, D.J., and Tsui, T.K.N., 2002, Ammonia toxicity in fish, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 45 (1-12), 17–23.

[2] Shao, Y., Shi, Y., Mohammed, A., and Liu, Y., 2017, Wastewater ammonia removal using an integrated fixed-film activated sludge-sequencing batch biofilm reactor (IFAS-SBR): Comparison of suspended flocs and attached biofilm, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 116, 38–47.

[3] Liu, W., Qian, G., Zhang, B., Liu, L., and Liu, H., 2016, Facile synthesis of spherical nano-hydroxyapatite and its application in photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye under UV irradiation, Mater. Lett., 178, 15–17.

[4] Sukaimi, J., Hamzah, S., Ali, N., and Ghazali, M.S.M., 2015, Study on adsorption behavior of alkaline protease on poly (ether sulfone) integrated with fish scale hydroxyapatite as self organized in ion exchange membrane, Malays. Appl. Biol., 44 (3), 49–54.

[5] Kongsri, S., Janpradit, K., Buapa, K., Techawongstien, S., and Chanthai, S., 2013, Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite from fish scale waste: Preparation, characterization, and application for selenium adsorption in aqueous solution, Chem. Eng. J., 215-216, 522–532.

[6] Chen, J.D., Wang, Y.J., Wei, K., Zhang, S.H., and Shi, X.T., 2007, Self-organization of hydroxyapatite nanorods through oriented attachment, Biomaterials, 28 (14), 2275–2280.

[7] Barakat, N.A.M., Khil, M.S., Omran, A.M., Sheikh, F.A., and Kim, H.Y., 2009, Extraction of pure natural hydroxyapatite from the bovine bones biowaste by three different methods, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 209 (7), 3408–3415.

[8] Kusunoki, M., Kawakami, Y., Matsuda, T., Nishikawa, H., Hayami, T., and Hontsu, S., 2010. Fabrication of a large hydroxyapatite sheet, Appl. Phys Express, 3 (10), 107003.

[9] Sivakumar, M, Kumar, T.S.S., Shanta, K.L, and Rao, K.P., 1996, Development of hydroxyapatite derived from Indian coral, Biomaterials, 17 (17), 1709–1714.

[10] Mondal, S., Mondal, B., Dey, A., and Mukhopadhyay, S.S., 2012, Studies on processing and characterization of hydroxyapatite biomaterials from different biowastes, J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng., 11 (1), 55–67.

[11] Abidi, S.S.A., and Murtaza, Q., 2014, Synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite powder using wet chemical precipitation reaction, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 30 (4), 307–310.

[12] Li, J., Shirosaki, Y., Hayakawa, S., Stamboulis, A., and Osaka, A., 2013, Sol-gel preparation of HAp-coated silica macrospheres from water glass and their protein adsorption, Key Eng. Mater., 529-530, 637–640.

[13] Mobasherpour, I., Heshajin, M.S., Kazemzadeh, A., and Zakeri, M., 2007, Synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite by using precipitation method, J. Alloys Compd., 430 (1-2), 330–333.

[14] Shavandi, A, Bekhit A.E.-D.A., Ali, A., and Sun, Z., 2015, Synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) from waste mussel shells using a rapid microwave method, Mater. Chem. Phys., 149-150, 607–616.

[15] Bahrololoom, M.E., Javidi, M., Javadpour, S., and Ma, J., 2009, Characterisation of natural hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine cortical bone ash, J. Ceram. Process. Res., 10 (2), 129–138.

[16] Gumisiriza, R., Mshandete, A.M., Rubindamayugi, M.S.T., Kansiime, F., and Kivaisi, A.K., 2009, Nile perch fish processing waste along Lake Victoria in East Africa: Auditing and characterization, Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 3 (1), 013–020.

[17] Kousalya, G.N., Gandhi, M.R., and Meenakshi, S., 2010, Removal of toxic Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using nano-hydroxyapatite-based chitin and chitosan hybrid composites, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 28 (1), 49–64.

[18] Pham, T.T.T., Nguyen, T.P., Pham, T.N., Vu, T.P., Tran, D.L., Thai, H., and Dinh, T.M.T., 2013, Impact of physical and chemical parameters on the hydroxyapatite nanopowder synthesized by the chemical precipitation method, Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 4 (3), 035014.

[19] Abdal-Hay, A., Barakat, N.A.M., and Lim, J.K., 2013, Hydroxyapatite-doped poly(lactic acid) porous film coating for enhanced bioactivity and corrosion behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopedic applications, Ceram. Int., 39 (1), 183–195.

[20] Madhavi, S., Ferraris, C., and White, T.J., 2005, Synthesis and crystallization of macroporous hydroxyapatite, J. Solid State Chem., 178 (9), 2838–2845.

[21] Singh, A., 2012, Hydroxyapatite, a biomaterial: Its chemical synthesis, characterization and study of biocompatibility prepared from the shell of a garden snail, Helix aspersa, Bull. Mater. Sci., 35 (6), 1031–1038.

[22] Chen, X., Kong, H., Wu, D., Wang, X., and Lin, Y., 2009, Phosphate removal and recovery through crystallization of hydroxyapatite using xonotlite as a seed crystal, J. Environ Sci., 21 (5), 575–580.

[23] Venkatesan, J., and Kim, S.K., 2010, Effect of temperature on isolation and characterization of hydroxyapatite from tuna (Thunnus obesus) bone, Materials, 3 (10), 4761–4772.

[24] Coelho, J.M., Moreira, J.A., Almeida, A., and Monteiro, F.J., 2010, Synthesis and characterization of HAp nanorods from a cationic surfactant template method, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 21 (9), 2543–2549.

[25] Sarig, S., and Kahana, F., 2002, Rapid formation of nanocrystalline apatite, J. Cryst. Growth, 237-239, 55–59.

[26] López-Ramón, V., Moreno-Castilla, C., Rivera-Utrilla, J., and Radovic, L.R., 2003, Ionic strength effects in aqueous phase adsorption of metal ions on activated carbons, Carbon, 41 (10), 2020–2022.

[27] Lin, L., Yuan, S., Chen, J., Xu, Z., and Lu, X., 2009, Removal of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater by microwave radiation, J. Hazard. Mater., 161 (2-3), 1063–1068.

[28] Huang, Y.C., Hsiao, P.C., and Chai, H.J., 2011, Hydroxyapatite extracted from fish scale: Effects on MG63 osteoblast-like cells, Ceram. Int., 37 (6), 1825–1831.

[29] Al-Hashimi, M.A.I., and Al-Safar, M.M., 2013, Removal of cadmium from synthetic water by using agricultural wastes, Acta Technica Corviniensis-Bulletin of Engineering, 6 (2), 131–138.

[30] Mourabet, M., El Rhilassi, A., El Boujaady, H., Bennani-Ziatni, M., El Hamri, R., and Taitai, A., 2015, Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by adsorption on hydroxyapatite (HAp) using response surface methodology, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 19 (6) 603–615.

[31] El Haddad, M., Mamouni, R., Saffaj, N., and Lazar, S., 2012, Removal of a cationic dye –Basic Red 12– from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto animal bone meal, J. Assoc. Arab Univ. Basic Appl. Sci., 12 (1), 48–54.

[32] Joseph, C., 2011, The sorption of chemical and nuclear contaminants from soil and water using nanosize particles of hydroxyapatite, Thesis, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 81.

[33] Sharma, Y.C., and Upadhyay, S.N., 2011, An economically viable removal of methylene blue by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from rice husk, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 89 (2), 377–383.

[34] Panda, N.N., Pramanik, K., and Sukla, L.B., 2014, Extraction and characterization of biocompatible hydroxyapatite from fresh water fish scales for tissue engineering scaffold, Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng., 37 (3), 433–440.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.40907