The Impact Between Self-Efficacy and Community Engagement on Psychological Empowerment in a Gender-Focused Tourism Curriculum: Insights from the WTIDcamp 2023 Program

https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajts.v6i2.98464

Anindwitya Rizqi Monica(1*)

(1) Women in Tourism Indonesia (WTID)
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


In numerous studies, psychological empowerment is considered crucial for assessing the extent to which individuals perceive their ability to shape their roles and overcome job difficulties (Speitzer, 1995). As an industry, tourism stands out as one of the sectors predominantly occupied by women, accounting for as much as 55% (UN Women, 2020), thus frequently utilized as a tool for empowerment by various stakeholders (Staudt, 1990; Scheyvens, 2000; Chevalier, 2023). Consequently, it is intriguing to examine how psychological empowerment is construed by tourism workers. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of self-efficacy and community engagement on the psychological empowerment of participants in the WTID Camp 2023. WTID Camp 2023 is a program initiated by Women in Tourism Indonesia aimed at raising awareness among tourism students and fresh graduates regarding the importance of gender equality in the Indonesian tourism industry workforce. This study employed quantitative research using multiple linear regression analysis (Sugiyono, 2010), where multiple linear regression aimed to predict the fluctuations in the dependent variable when two or more independent variables were manipulated (increased or decreased in value). There were 56 samples comprising tourism students participating in the WTID Camp 2023, aged between 18 and 24 years. Data were obtained through questionnaires constructed using Likert scales. The results indicate that community engagement significantly influences psychological empowerment. Similarly, self-efficacy significantly influences community engagement. However, self-efficacy does not significantly influence psychological empowerment.


Keywords


psychological empowerment; self-efficacy; community engagement; gender equality; tourism industry

Full Text:

PDF


References

Akuino, C. (2013). Analisis penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor pariwisata (sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran) di Kota Batu. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 11(2).

Azwar, S. (2011). Metode penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.

Boström, M., & Söderholm, P. (2013). Gender Equality in Education: The Case of Sweden. Journal of Gender Studies, 22(4), 359-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2013.789348

Boley, B. B., & McGehee, N. G. (2014). Measuring empowerment: Developing and validating the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS). Tourism Management, 45, 85-94.

Bungin, B. (2010). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif: Komunikasi, ekonomi, dan kebijakan publik serta ilmu-ilmu sosial lainnya. Jakarta: Kencana.

Cater, C., & Jones, T. (2019). Integrating Gender Perspectives into Tourism Education: Challenges and Opportunities. Tourism Management, 72, 222-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.11.015

Drake, A. R., Wong, J., & Salter, S. B. (2007). Empowerment, motivation, and performance: Examining the impact of feedback and incentives on nonmanagement employees. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 19(1), 71-89. https://doi.org/10.2308/bria.2007.19.1.71

Dyer, S., McDowell, L. and Batnitzky, A. (2010) The impact of migration on the gendering of service work: the case of a West London hotel. Gender, Work & Organization 17(6), 635–657. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00480.x.

Hoel, H. and Einarsen, S. (2003) Violence at work in hotels, catering and tourism. International Labour Organisation. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/sector/activities/topics/vio- lence-and-stress/WCMS_161998/lang--en/index.htm

International Labour Organization. (2021). Gender equality in the workplace: A global report. International Labour Organization. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org

Jeynes, W. H. (2005). The effects of parental involvement on the academic achievement of children: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 17(3), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-005-3946-y

Lomas, L., & Croucher, G. (2009). Developing gender equality policies: Lessons from recent research. Journal of Gender Studies, 18(4), 365-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589230903266896

Manwa, H. (2007). Enhancing participation in women in tourism. In G. Moscardo (Ed.), Building community capacity for tourism development (pp. 116–122). London: CABI.

Musadieq, M. A., Rimawan, E., Mulyanto, A. D., & Mahendra, A. S. (2016). Pengaruh pemberdayaan psikologis terhadap efikasi diri dan kecerdasan emosional. SINERGI, 20(3), 194-198. https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2016.3.004

Miller, L., Mehta, S., & McCauley, D. (2018). The BACE scale: A new measure for assessing the benefits of community engagement. International Journal of Research on Service-Learning and Community Engagement, 6(1), Article 4.

Palys, T., & Cumming, G. (2000). The role of self-efficacy in community engagement. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(2), 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(200003)28:2<153::AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-A

Pangaribuan, H. K et al. (2015). Hubungan Pelecehan Seksual dan Motivasi Kerja pada Pekerja di Kalibaru Cottage Banyuwangi (The Relationship Sexual Harassment and Motivation to the Workers in Kalibaru Cottage Banyuwangi). e- Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan, vol. 1-6, 1-6.

Putra, K. K. P., & Piartrini, P. S. (2020). Pengaruh keadilan organisasional dan pemberdayaan psikologis terhadap counterproductive work behavior karyawan di Hotel Mercure Sanur. E-Jurnal Manajemen, 9(6), 2288-2307. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2020.v09.i06.p12

Rahayu, A. T. (2017). Gambaran tingkat berdaya perempuan pada sektor pariwisata di Desa Wisata Pentingsari berdasarkan pengukuran RETS (Unpublished undergraduate thesis). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Scheyvens, R. (2000). Promoting women’s empowerment through involvement in ecotourism: Experiences from the third world. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(3), 235–249.

Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio—Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor: NFER-NELSON.

Smith, J. L., & Johnson, C. D. (2014). Enhancing self-efficacy for community involvement: An empirical study. Social Science Research, 43(1), 32-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.10.005

Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Individual empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.

Staudt, K. (Ed.). (1990). Women, international development and politics: The bureaucratic mire. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Stromquist, N. P. (1995). Romancing the state: Gender and power in education. Comparative Education Review, 39(4), 423-454.

Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kulitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Swain, M. B. (1995). Gender in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(2), 247-266.

Tetik, N. (2016). The effects of psychological empowerment on job satisfaction and job performance of tourist guides. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i2/2026

Tripathi, S. (2015). Need psychological empowerment of women in India. Journal of Content, Community & Communication, 1(1).

UN Women. (2020). Progress of the world’s women 2019-2020: Families in a changing world. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women). Retrieved from https://www.unwomen.org

UNWTO. (2008). Empowering women through tourism.

UNWTO. (2019). Global report on women in tourism, 2019.

Women in Tourism Indonesia. (2022). Impact report 2019-2021. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---sector/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_840403.pdf

Yegidis, B. L. (2014). Social work research and evaluation: Foundations of evidence-based practice. Columbia University Press.

Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory: Psychological, organizational, and community levels of analysis. In J. Rappaport & E. Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of community psychology (pp. 43-63). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajts.v6i2.98464

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 294 | views : 229

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Web Analytics View My Stats

Print ISSN: 2621-9522 | Online ISSN: 2621-9948
Copyright © 2024 Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies, Office of Journal & Publishing, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada