* Corresponding Author
Analysis of the Nutritional Quality of Local Feed Ingredients Commonly Used in the Concentrate Formula for Beef Cattle Feedlots in Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v48i2.90285 Thoriqul Irfah Al Huda(1), Ali Agus(2), Cuk Tri Noviandi(3), Siti Andarwati(4), Andriyani Astuti(5*)
(1) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281
(2) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281
(3) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281
(4) Department of Livestock Socioeconomics, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281
(5) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Indonesia's annual beef consumption is experiencing a steady rise. In 2021, the per capita beef consumption amounted to 2.56 kg per person per year, resulting in a total of 696 million kilograms consumed across the country. This quantity is equivalent to the slaughtering of approximately 3.98 million cattle annually. With the increasing growth of the feedlot industry, cattle farmers, including feedlot operators, have the opportunity to enhance the value of agricultural companies in Indonesia by utilizing local feedstuffs. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability and nutritional value of indigenous feed sources for beef cattle in Indonesia. The research utilized feedstuff varieties and characteristics sourced from feedlots spanning since 2012-2021. The employed methodologies encompassed surveys, interviews, and questionnaires. This research involved the collection of both primary and secondary data. The potential and quality of local feedstuff were described using descriptive analysis. This research showed that eight types of local feedstuff could be categorized as energy sources including dehydrated cassava chips with a total digestible nutrients (TDN) value of 84.2% and bran pollard with a TDN value of 66.6%. The fiber sources consisted of corn cob (37.7% crude fiber), coffee husk (38% crude fiber), cocoa bean shell (20% crude fiber), tapioca solid waste/onggok (22% crude fiber), and palm kernel meal (22.1% crude fiber). The protein source consisted of copra meal with a protein content of 22.4%. The physical test most frequently inspected the feed color (18.1%) and odor (18.1%). Moisture examination (24%) was the most frequently used of proximate analysis was employed to identify the chemical composition. In conclusion the existence of eight local ingredients which were categorized into three different types: energy source, protein source, and fiber source commonly used in the concentrate formula for beef cattle feedlots in Indonesia.
Keywords
Full Text:
6. AndriyaniReferences
Abdeltawab, A. M. and M. S. A. Khattab. 2018. Utilization of palm kernel cake as a ruminant feed for animal: a review. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences 11: 157–164.
Adi Suroso, G. G., K. Adhianto, M. Muhtarudin, and E. Erwanto. 2023. Evaluasi kecukupan nutrisi pada sapi potong di KPT Maju Sejahtera Kecamatan Tanjung Sari Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan 7: 147–155.
Alimon, A. R. 2009. Alternative raw materials for animal feed. Wartazoa 193: 117-124.
Almatsier, S. 2009. Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Anggorodi. 1994. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Umum. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Antari, R. and D. U. Umiyasih. 2009. Pemanfaatan tanaman ubi kayu dan limbahnya secara optimal sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia. Wartazoa 19: 191-200.
Ardiansyah, D., N. Irwani, and Y. Priabudiman. 2019. Tata laksana pengelolaan pakan sapi potong. Jurnal Peternakan Terapan 1: 1–7.
AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Arlington, USA.
Aswanto, A. A., M. Muhtarudin, F. T. Farda, L. Liman, and S. Tantalo. 2023. Potensi nutrien limbah kulit kopi untuk pakan ternak ruminansia di Kecamatan Kebun Tebu Kabupaten Lampung Barat. Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan 7: 306–311.
Azizah, D. N., E. Kumolowati, and F. Fahrauk. 2014. Penetapan Kadar flavonoid metode AlCl3 pada ekstrak metanol kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 2: 45–49.
Azizi, M. N., T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, and E. L. T. Chung. 2021. Is palm kernel cake a suitable alternative feed ingredient for poultry? Animals 11: 1–15.
BSN. 1996. Bungkil Kelapa Bahan Baku Pakan - SNI 01-2904-1996/Rev 1992. 1–3. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Jakarta.
BSN. 2017. Bungkil Inti Sawit - Bahan Pakan Ternak SNI 7856 2017. SNI. 1–4. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Jakarta.
Balai Pengujian Mutu dan Sertifikasi Pakan Bekasi. 2013. Buku Hasil Pengujian Bahan Pakan dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak. Balai Pengujian Mutu dan Sertifikasi Pakan Bekasi, Bekasi.
Bidura. 2016. Bahan Ajar Bahan Makanan Ternak. Universitas Udayana, Denpasar.
Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2020. Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan 2020, Jakarta.
Dwi, P. G., A. D. Kartika, and Mashudi. 2019. Nilai kecernaan BK dan BO tepung gaplek dari berbagai jenis tanaman singkong (Manihot utilissima) secara In Vitro. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis 2: 33-37.
Dyah, S., N., F. Y. Adriyani, R. Hevrizen, and A. Maryanto. 2021. Peningkatan kualitas janggel jagung sebagai pakan sapi induk bunting melalui proses amoniasi-fermentasi (Amofer). Jurnal Riset Agribisnis dan Peternakan 6: 21–30.
Edet, I. V, T. M. Akpomie, A. U. Augustine, T. F. Samoh, E. Ekam, D. D. Nzegbuna, and E. J. Ekam. 2023. Comparative analysis on the proximate composition of processed cassava products obtained from Nigeria. Chemical Science International Journal 32: 50–63.
Grace, F., I. Marbun, R. Wiradimadja, I. Hernaman, and J. Sumedang. 2018. The effect of storage time on the physical characteristics of rice bran. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu 6: 163-166.
Handayani, L. 2020. Pemanfaatan limbah ubi kayu sebagai pakan ternak bergizi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Pengabdian 185-192.
Hari, E. W., M. Cristanto, and E. Rianto. 2014. Potensi limbah kulit kopi sebagai complete feed yang sesuai untuk pakan ternak domba. Jurnal Libang Provinsi Jawa Tengah 12: 33-42.
Hartadi, H., S. Reksohadiprodjo, S. Lebdosukodjo, and A. Tillman. 1990. Tabel Komposisi Pakan Untuk Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Haza, M. B. 2016. Penggemukan Sapi (Feedlot) Dengan Menggunakan Beta Agonis 2 Perspektif Hukum Islam. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang.
Isharyudono, K. and I. Mar. 2019. Penggunaan bahan inkonvensional sebagai sumber bahan pakan. Jurnal Pengelolaan Laboratorium Pendidikan 1: 1-6.
Jaelani, A. 2021. Proses Produksi dan Uji Kualitas Fisik Pada Industri Pakan. Zuxzes Express, Banjarbaru.
Kartika, A. D. 2019. Pengaruh Pemberian Konsentrat dengan Level Tepung Gaplek Berbeda Terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian dan Konversi Pakan Sapi Peranakan Limosin. Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
Kasenta, M., L. N. Aini, and Riyanto. 2017. Manajemen penggemukan sapi Brahman cross bx di Pt Fortuna Megah Perkasa Bogor Jawa Barat. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian 1: 49-54.
Kaur, K. and P. Ahluwalia. 2017. Cassava as potential crop for the food and fermentation industry: a review. International Journal of Food and Fermentation Technology 7: 1-12.
Maluyu, H. 2021. Teknologi Pakan Ruminansia. Raja Grafindo Persada, Depok.
Mat, K., Z. A. Kari, N. D. Rusli, H. C. Harun, L. S. Wei, M. M. Rahman, H. N. M. Khalid, M. H. M. A. Hanafiah, S. A. M. Sukri, R. I. A. R. Khalif, Z. M. Zin, M. K. M. Zainol, M. Panadi, M. F. M. Nor, and K. W. Goh. 2022. Coconut palm: food, feed, and nutraceutical properties. Animals 12: 1-19.
Muchlas, M., Kusmartono, and Marjuki. 2014. Pengaruh penambahan daun pohon terhadap kadar VFA dan kecernaan secara in-vitro ransum berbasis ketela pohon. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 24: 8–19.
Musita, N. 2018. Study of physicochemical properties of large industry and small industry. Majalah Teknologi Agro Industri 10: 19-24.
Nurhasan, and Pramudianto Bb. 1993. Buku Panduan Penanganan Limbah Cair Industri Kecil Tapioka. 1st ed. Yayasan Bina Karta Lestari, Jakarta.
Nurhayati, O. Sjofjan, and Koentjoko. 2006. The nutritional quality of palm kernel cake and tapioca waste mixture fermented by Aspergillus niger. Jurnal Indonesia Tropical Animal Agricultural 3: 172-178.
Oropeza, M., E., M. E. O. Cerrilla, J. G. H. Haro, E. J. R. Bribiesca, and T. S. Ríos. 2022. Use of pulp and husk of coffee in animal feed. Agro Productivida 15: 150-158.
Parakkasi, A. 1998. Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Ruminansia. Universitas Indonesia Press, Jakarta.
Prasetyo, G. D., A. D. Kartika, and Mashudi. 2019. Nilai kecernaan BK dan BO tepung gaplek dari berbagai jenis tanaman singkong (Manihot utilissima) secara In Vitro. Jurnal Nutrisi Tropis 2: 33-37.
Rahmawati, N., E. F. Lisnanti, M. Muladno, and A. Atabany. 2020. Potency of local feed ingredients and ability of livestock to use the feed: an in-vitro study. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res. 7: 92–102.
Retnaningrum, S. 2019. Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Gaplek (Manihot utilissima) Dalam Pakan Dengan Level Berbeda Terhadap Produktivitas Dan Profil Cairan Rumen Sapi Jantan Persilangan Limousin. Brawijaya University, Malang.
Riani, A., M. D. Mesgaran, and M. Wanapat. 2023. The effect of addition of onggok as a mixed material in the making complete feed silage on the overall digestibility of BK, BO, and NH3 production in vitro. Frontier Advances in Applied Science and Engineering 1: 82–91.
Rojo-Poveda, O., L. Barbosa-Pereira, G. Zeppa, and C. Stévigny. 2020. Cocoa bean shell—a by-product with nutritional properties and biofunctional potential. Nutrients 12: 1-29.
Rokhayati, U. A. 2019. Meramu Bungkil Kelapa Sebagai Sumber Protein Nabati Untuk Pakan Ternak. UNG Press, Gorontalo.
Rosalina. 2005. Analisis Statistik Menggunakan Aplikasi Excell. Alfabeta, Bandung.
Saputro, T., S. D. Widyawati, and D. Suharto. 2016. Evaluasi nutrisi perbedaan rasio dedak padi dan ampas bir ditinjau dari nilai TDN ransum domba lokal jantan. Sains Peternakan 14: 27–35.
Sitindaon, S. H. 2013. Inventarisasi potensi bahan pakan ternak ruminansia di Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Peternakan 10: 18-23.
Soares, T. F. and M. B. P. P. Oliveira. 2022. Cocoa by-products: characterization of bioactive compounds and beneficial health effects. Molecules 27: 1-23.
Soeharsono, M. Amin, and A. Cahyono. 2017. The use of cocoa bean waste as a supplement in male Bali cattle feeding. Proseding of Internasional Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 45-49.
Souza, L. de, A., R. Garcia, F. S. Bernardino, J. M. de S. Campos, S. de Campos Valadares Filho, L. da Silva Cabral, and K. Fernanda Gobbi. 2006. Coffee hulls in dairy heifer diet: intake, digestibility, and production. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35: 921-927.
Sudarmadji, S., B. Haryono, and Suhardi. 2003. Analisis Bahan Makanan dan Pertanian. 1st ed. Liberty, Yogyakarta.
Sukaryana, Y., Nurhayati, and C. U. Wirawati. 2013. Optimizing use palm kernel cake, cassava and cassava byproduct through fermentation technology with mold different as broilers material feed. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 13: 70–77.
Sutowo, I., T. Adelina, and D. D. Febrina. 2016. Kualitas nutrisi silase limbah pisang (batang dan bonggol) dan level molases yang berbeda sebagai pakan alternatif ternak ruminansia. Jurnal Peternakan 13: 41-47.
Syafrudin, A. I., E. Pangestu, and M. Christiyanto. 2020. Nilai total digestible nutrient pada bahan pakan by- product industri pertanian sebagai pakan kambing yang diuji secara in vitro. Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia 15: 302–307.
Tillman, A., H. Hartadi, S. Reksohadiprodjo, S. Prawirokusumo, and S. Labdosoekojo. 1998. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Dasar. 6th ed. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Uyeh, D. D., J. Kim, S. Lohumi, T. Park, B. K. Cho, S. Woo, W. S. Lee, and Y. Ha. 2021. Rapid and non-destructive monitoring of moisture content in livestock feed using a global hyperspectral model. Animals 11: 1-17.
Wanapat, M. and S. Kang. 2015. Cassava chip (Manihot esculenta crantz) as an energy source for ruminant feeding. Animal Nutrition 1: 266–270.
Wardhana, I. D., E. Ruriani, and A. Nafi. 2019. Karakteristik kulit kopi robusta hasil samping pengolahan metode kering dari perkebunan kopi rakyat di Jawa Timur. Agritop. 17: 220–229.
Wulandari, D., S. Widjaya, and Suryani. 2017. Analysis of raw material supply control of cattle feed in CV Satriya Feeds Lampung in Terbanggi Besar Subdistrict, Central Lampung District. JIIA. 5: 250-257.
Wulandari, S., F. Fathul, and D. Liman. 2015. The effect of various composition of agricultural waste on water content, ash, and crude fiber in water. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu 3: 104-109.
Yatno. 2011. Fraksinsi dan sifat fisiko-kimia bungkil inti sawit. Agrinak. 1: 11-16.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v48i2.90285
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2338
| 
views : 907
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Buletin Peternakan (Bulletin of Animal Science) Indexed by:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.