Moringa oleifera Leaves Ethanol Extract Inhibits HT-29 Cells and COX-2 Expression Predictably Through PPARγ Activation

https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.89037

Aryo Tedjo(1*), Ifana Aprilliyani(2), Kusmardi Kusmardi(3), Ajeng Megawati(4), Dimas Ramadhian Noor(5)

(1) *) Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta *) Drug Development Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
(2) Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta
(3) *) Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta *) Human Cancer Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta
(4) Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta
(5) Human Cancer Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death among all cancer cases worldwide. Cancer cells often exhibit overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), producing prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) and subsequent inflammation and neoplasia. Moringa oleifera is rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract on COX-2 expression in HT-29 cells. Dried M. oleifera leaves (5 g) were ethanol-macerated for 24 hours, yielding a 10 mg ethanol extract. MTT inhibition is used for immunocytochemistry evaluation of COX-2 expression. Molecular docking of phenolic compounds from the extract on PPARγ indicated an agonistic potential. The ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves demonstrated anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 114.8 µg/ml, with a significant reduction in COX-2 expression observed at a dose of 100 ppm, resulting in an H-score of 111.83 ± 2.21. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) activity is thought to be the first step in suppressing COX-2 expression. Three phenolic compounds found in M. oleifera are predicted to be PPARγ agonists: rutin, naringin, and hesperidin, according to the molecular docking simulations.


Keywords


colorectal cancer; COX-2 expression; Moringa oleifera; PPARγ agonists

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.89037

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