Potential Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight] Walp.) Essential Oil for Herbal Toothpaste Active Agent

https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.73869

Mutiara Annisa(1*), Harsini Harsini(2), Yosi Bayu Murti(3)

(1) Magister of Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(2) Departement of Dental Biomaterial, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(3) Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Bay leaf is a herbal plant containing essential oil with antioxidant activity. Antioxidant effects give bay leaf essential oil ability as a toothpaste active agent. This research aim is to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bay leaf essential oil to find out the potential as toothpaste active agents. Bay leaf used in this research was taken from Lendah, Kulon Progo in the evening. Steam-hydrodistillation is conducted and chemical composition is analyzed using the GC-MS method. The Antioxidant activity test is conducted with DPPH and FRAP methods. Toothpastes were formulated with three concentrations of bay leaf essential oil (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%). Stain prevention test using formulated toothpastes, no active agent toothpaste (negative control), and commercial toothpaste (positive control) was conducted on 20 bovine teeth to obtain the value of colour change (ΔE) before and after the experiment, then analysed using one-way ANOVA parametric test (CI 95%). The chemical composition of bay leaf essential oil detected using GC-MS showed 29 compounds. The highest percentages are cis-4-decenal (37.87%), Decanal (16.73%), and octanal (16.63%). IC50 value from DPPH and FRAP method are 2.079µg/mL and 3.277µg/mL. One-way ANOVA test showed there was an effect from bay leaf essential oil as stain prevention toothpaste active agent. Bay leaf essential oils toothpastes have no significant difference in ΔE value to positive control toothpaste. The conclusion of this research is bay leaf essential oil contains aldehyde compounds in high percentage which provides a very high antioxidant effect. Bay leaf essential oil is the potential to be used as a toothpaste active agent.


Keywords


bay leaf; essential oil; DPPH; FRAP

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abdulrahman, M.D., Nudin, H., Fatihah, N., Khandaker, M.M., Ali, M.A. & Mat N., 2019, ‘In Vitro Biological Investigations on Syzygium polyanthum Cultivars’, IJAB. 22, 1399-1406.

Annisa, M., Nuryanti, A., & Dewi, A. H., 2022, ‘Effectivity of Multifunction Herbal Toothpaste Containing Bay Leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) Extract as Extrinsic Stain Removal on Teeth and Denture’, Odonto Dental Journal. 9, 40-50.

Awaluddin, N. & Wahyuningsih, S., 2019, ‘Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Klika Anak Dara’, J Farm FKIK UINAM. 2, 38–45.

Bansal, T. & Harpreet, K., 2016, ‘Benefits of essential oil’, J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 8, 143–149.

Chandra, K.A. & Proborini, W.D., 2018, ‘Analisa Komposisi Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Manis Hasil Ekstraksi Metode Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity Dengan GC-MS’, J Ilm Tek Sipil dan Tek Kim. 3, 53-59.

Cho, M. J., 2020, ‘The Tooth Whitening Effect of Toothpaste Containing High Cleaning Silica and Sodium Hexametaphosphate and the Preventive Effect of Staining by Coffee, Tea and Wine’, International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry. 1, 192–199.

Hamad, A., Mahardika, M. G. P., Yuliani, I., & Hartanti, D., 2017, ‘Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Syzygium polyanthum and Syzygium aromaticum’, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 10, 564–569.

Hsouna, A.B., Gargouri, M., Sayahi, N., Manif, W., Dhifi, W., Ben R, et al., 2018, ‘Potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Citrus aurantium essential oil against carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatotoxicity: A biochemical, molecular and histopathological changes in adult rats’, Environ. Toxicol. 34, 1–13.

Hudaib, M., Speroni, E., Di Pietra, A. M., & Cavrini, V., 2012, ‘GC/MS evaluation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil composition and variations during the vegetative cycle’, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 29, 691–700.

Hunt, I., 2015, ‘Reaction of Arenes, Electrophilic Aromatic Substitusion’, Chapter 12. Available from: https://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch12/ch12-8d.html

Irfany Dharmautama, M., & Damayanti, I., 2014, ‘Stabilitas warna basis akrilik gigi tiruan lepasan setelah pembersihan dengan ekstrak dan infusa bunga rosella’, Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science. 13, 38-43.

Irshad, M., Zafaryab, M., Singh, M., & Rizvi M.M.A., 2012, ‘Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity of Cassia fistula Extracts’, Int J Med Chem. 12, 1–6.

Istiqomah, H., & Ayuska, A., 2020, ‘Karakterisasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) Asal Kalimantan Barat’, J Kim Khatulistiwa. 1, 37–44.

Karadağlıoğlu, Ö.İ., Ulusoy, N., Başer, K.H.C., Hanoğlu, A., & Şık, İ., 2019, ‘Antibacterial activities of herbal toothpastes combined with essential oils against streptococcus mutans’, Pathogens. 8, 15-21.

Khasanah, L.U., 2015, ‘Pengaruh Perlakuan Pendahuluan terhadap Karakteristik Mutu Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC)’, J Apl Teknol Pangan. 4, 48–55.

Lee, C.Y., Nanah, C.N., Held, R.A., Clark, A.R., Huynh, U.G.T., Maraskine, M.C., et al., 2015, ‘Effect of electron-donating groups on polyphenol-based antioxidant dendrimers’, Biochimie, 111, 125–34.

Luliana, S., Purwanti, N.U. & Manihuruk, K.N., 2016, ‘Pengaruh Cara Pengeringan Simplisia Daun Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Menggunakan Metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil)’, Pharm Sci Res. 3, 20–29.

Marquillas, C.B., Procaccini, R., Malmagro, M.V. & Sánchez-Martín, M.J., 2020, ‘Breaking the rules: tooth whitening by means of a reducing agent’, Clin Oral Investig. 24, 2773–2779.

Pratiwi, F.R.N.I., 2016, ‘Formulasi Sediaan Gel Pasta Gigi Minyak Atsiri Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans’, Thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Rezaie, H. R., Rizi, H. B., Khamseh, M. M. R., & Ochsner, A., 2020, A Review on Dental Materials, Springer, Switzerland.

Saputri, G.A.R., Chusniasih, D. & Putri, E.A., 2020, ‘Formulasi Pasta Gigi Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyantha wight) sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans’, J Farm Malahayati. 3, 66–79.

Silalahi, M., 2017, ‘Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp (Botani, Metabolit Sekunder dan Pemanfaatan)’, Jurnal Dinamika Pendidikan, 10, 187–202.

Sumono, A. & Wulan, S. D, A., 2008, ‘The use of bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) in dentistry’, Dent. J. (MKG), 41, 147-150.

Umaru, I. J., Umaru, K. I. & Umaru, H. A., 2020, ‘Phytochemical screening, isolation, characterization of bioactive and biological activity of bungkang, (Syzygium polyanthum) root-bark essential oil’, Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence, 6, 5–21.

Vranic, E., Lacevic, A., Mehmedagic, A. & Uzunovic A., 2014, ‘Formulation Ingredients for Toothpastes and Mouthwashes’, Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 4, 51-58.

Wilapangga, A. & Sari, L.P., 2018, ‘Analisis Fitokimia Dan Antioksidan Metode DPPH Ekstrak Metanol Daun Salam (Eugenia polyantha)’, IJOBB. 2, 19–24.

Yuliarto, F.T., Khasanah, L.U. & Anandito, R.B.K., 2012, ‘Pengaruh Ukuran Bahan dan Metode Destilasi terhadap Kualitas Minyak Atsiri Kulit Kayu Manis’, Jurnal Teknosains Pangan, 1, 15-20.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.73869

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2133 | views : 2074

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Majalah Obat Tradisional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Majalah Obat Tradisional (Traditional Medicine Journal)
 ISSN 2406-9086
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada