Antioxidant Activities of n-Hexane Soluble and Insoluble Fraction, Ethyl Acetate Soluble and Insoluble Fraction from Ethanol Extract of Sambung Nyawa Leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.)

https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.43743

Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih(1*), Retno Murwanti(2), Lukman Hakim(3)

(1) Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


There were many plants containing flavonoids which can function as antioxidant. Antioxidant can be used to decrease the mortality rate caused by degenerative and infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potency of n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction, and the ethanol extract antioxidant activity of Sambung Nyawa leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.). The ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol then fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the n-hexane soluble fraction, n-hexane insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. The antioxidant activity study of ethanol extract, n-hexane soluble, and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble, and insoluble fraction of G. procumbens was carried out using DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to evaluate its free radical scavenging activity with a comparison of vitamin C. The antioxidants activity was expressed as IC50 value. The IC50 value for vitamin C and ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves were 2.41 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. On the other hand, the n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction had an IC50 value of 78 µg/ml and 34 µg/ml, while ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction had the potency as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of 419 µg/ml and 151 μg/ml, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the antioxidant potency of G. procumbens ethanol extract and their fraction were successively of n-hexane insoluble fraction > n-hexane soluble fraction > ethyl acetate insoluble fraction > ethanol extract > ethyl acetate soluble fraction.


Keywords


Gynura procumbens; flavonoid; fractionation; antioxidant activity

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abrika, O.S.S., Yam, M.F., Asmawi, M.Z., Sadikun, A., Dieng, H., and Hussain, E.A. 2013. Effects of extracts and fractions of Gynuraprocumbens on rat atrial contraction. J. Acupunct . Meridian Stud. 6: 199–207.

Akowuah, G.A., Mariam, A., and Chin, J.H. 2009. The effect of extraction temperature on total phenols and antioxidant activity of Gynura procumbens leaf. Pharmacogn. Mag. 4: 81–85.

Algariri, K., Meng, K.Y., Atangwho, I.J., Asmawi, M.Z., Sadikun, A., Murugaiyah, V., et al. 2013. Hypoglycemic and anti–hyperglycemic study of Gynura procumbens leaf extracts. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 3: 358–366.

Bodeker, G., Salleh, H and Shekar, S.C. 2009. Health and Beauty from the Rainforest: Malaysian Traditions of Ramuan. Kuala Lumpur: Editions Didier Millet Pty Ltd.

Harun, N. and Syahri, W., 2002, Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun dewa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. dalam Menghambat Sifat Hepatotoksik Halotan dengan Dosis Subanestesi pada Mencit, Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi. 1(2): 63-70.

Hoe, S.-Z., Kamaruddin, M.Y., and Lam, S.-K. 2007. Inhibition of angiotensin- converting enzyme activity by a partially purified fraction of Gynura procumbens in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Med. Princ. Pract. 16: 203–208.

Heim, K.E., Tagliaferro, A.R. and Bobilya, D.J., 2002, Flavonoid Antioxidants: Chemistry, Metabolism and Structure Activity Relationships, J. Nutr, Biochem. 13: 572-582.

Hernani and Rahardjo. M., 2005, Tanaman Berkhasiat Antioksidan Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta, 1-20, 62-63.

Idrus, A.A., 2003, Global Information Hub on-Integrated Medicine-Gynura procumbens (Lour..) Merr.., http://www.nhiondemand.com/ diakses pada 19 Juni 2013.

Kaewseejan, N., Sutthikhum, V., and Siriamornpun, S. 2015. Potential of Gynura procumbens leaves as source of flavonoid-enriched fractions with enhanced antioxidant capacity. J. Funct. Foods. 12: 120–128.

Krishnan, V., Ahmad, S., and Mahmood, M. 2015. Antioxidant potential in different parts and callus of Gynura procumbens and different parts of Gynura bicolor. I Biomed Res. Int. 2015:1–7.

Kumaran A, and Karunakaran R. 2006, Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chem. 97: 109–114.

Luerang, A., Thammasarn, K., Sittiwet, C., Naowaratwattana, W., Chaichanadee, S., Puangpronpitag, D., etal. 2010. Evaluation of nutritional value and Antioxidative properties of the medicinal plant Gynura procumbens extract. Asian J. Plant Sci. 9: 146–151.

Maw, S.S., Mon, M.M., and Oo, Z.K. 2011. Study on antioxidant and antitumor Activities of some herbal extracts. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 75:450–455.

Nakiboglu, M., Urek, R.O., Kayali, H.A. and Tarhan, L., 2007, Antiokxidant capacities of endemic Sideritis sipylea and Origunum sipyleum from Turkey, Food Chem. 104: 530-635.

Nisa, F., Hermawan, A., Murwanti, R., and Meiyanto, E. 2012. Antiproliferative Effect of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Leaves etanolic extract on 7,12-dimethyl benz (a) antracene induced male rat liver. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 2: 99–106.

Narayana, K.R., 2001, Bioflavonoid Classification, Pharmacological, Biochemical Effect and Therapeutical Potential, Indian J. Pharmacol. 33: 2-16.

Pramono, S., and Sudarto, B., 1985, Skrining Fitokimia Daun Dewa (Gynura procumbens (Lour..) Merr..) yang Diduga Berkhasiat sebagai Antikanker, PPPT-UGM, Lembaga Penelitian UGM, Yogyakarta.

Rahman, A., and Asad, M. 2013. Chemical and biological investigations of the Leaves of Gynura procumbens. Int. J. Biosci. 3:36–43.

Rosidah, Yam, M., Sadikun, A., and Asmawi, M. 2008. Antioxidant potential of Gynura procumbens. Pharm. Biol. 46: 616–625.

Sudarsono, Gunawan, D., Wahyuono, S., Donatus, I.A., Drajat, M., Wibowo, S.and Ngatidjan., 1996, Tumbuhan Obat, Hasil Penelitian, Sifat–Sifat dan Penggunaan, PPOT UGM, Yogyakarta, 68-70.

Suganda, A., Sudiro, I. and Ganthina, 1988, Skrining Fitokimia dan Asam Fenolat Daun Dewa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.), Simposium Penelitian Tumbuhan Obat III, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.

Sugiyanto, Sudarto, Meiyanto E, Nugroho AE. and Jenie U.A., 2003, Aktivitas antikarsinogenik senyawa yang berasal dari tumbuhan. Indonesian J. Pharm. 14(4): 216-225.

Sunarni, T., 2005, Aktivitas Antioksi dan Penangkap Radikal Bebas Beberapa Kecambah dari Biji Tanaman Famili Papilionaceae, Indonesian J. Pharm. 4: 34-39.

Teoh, W.Y., Wahab, N.A., Richardson, J.S.M. and Sim, K.S., 2016, Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties, Cytotoxicity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Gynura procumbens (Compositae), Sains Malays. 45(2): 229-235.

Trease, G.E., and Evans, W.C., 1989, Pharmacognosy, 419-420, ELBS. Low Priced Edition Oxford.

Wiart, C. 2006. Medicinal Plants of Asia and the Pacific. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Widyaningsih, W., 2010, Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dewa (Gynura procumbens) dengan Metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikril hidrazil), Prosiding Seminar Nasional KosmetikaAlami, Yogyakarta, 109-115.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.43743

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3721 | views : 3227

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2019 Majalah Obat Tradisional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Majalah Obat Tradisional (Traditional Medicine Journal)
 ISSN 2406-9086
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada