KEHADIRAN PERUSAHAAN DAN POTENSI KONFLIK AGRARIA DALAM PEMANFAATAN HUTAN SAGU ALAM DI WILAYAH IMEKKO KABUPATEN SORONG SELATAN PAPUA BARAT-INDONESIA (The Presence of Sago Company and The Potential of Agrarian Conflict in The Natural Sago Consesion of Imekko at Sorong Selatan Regency, West Papua Indonesia)
Meky Sagrim(1*), Agus Irianto Sumule(2), Deny Anjelus Iyai(3)
(1) Jurusan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari-Papua Barat, 98314.
(2) Jurusan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari-Papua Barat, 98314.
(3) Jurusan Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, 98314.
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Hutan sagu alam saat ini memiliki manfaat yang besar ditinjau dari bahan pangan, substitusi pangan maupun bahan baku industri. Di kawasan timur Indonesia, sagu telah dimanfaatkan secara luas sebagai bahan pangan pokok oleh masyarakat Maluku dan Papua. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji intervensi eksternal dari perusahaan terhadap jaminan subsistensi dan pendapatan masyarakat di kawasan hutan sagu alam Imekko. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada empat distrik, yaitu Inanwatan, Metemani, Kais, dan Kokoda (Imekko) kabupaten Sorong Selatan. Distrik dipilih secara purposif dengan pertimbangan memiliki karakteristik lokasi yang sesuai dengan lingkup penelitian, yaitu: (a) merupakan wilayah sebaran hutan sagu alami yang menjadi sasaran pemanfaatan oleh perusahaan; dan (b) masyarakat yang bermukim di sekitarnya yang merupakan pemilik hak ulayat atas hutan sagu alami/dusun sagu tersebut, (c) masyarakat yang terganggu jaminan subsistensi dan pendapatan akibat intervensi kedua perusahaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat memiliki 8 jenis hak akses dan pemanfaatan dan dusun sagu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan subsistensi dan pendapatan masyarakat pemilik hak ulayat, yakni hak mengakses, memungut hasil, menggunakan, menguasai, mengelola, mengalihkan, memperoleh kembali, dan hak milik. Kehadiran kedua perusahaan, hak-hak tersebut menjadi terbatas hanya pada hak mengakses, penggunaan terbatas, dan memungut hasil secara terbatas. Kehadiran perusahaan berdampak terhadap terbatasnya pemenuhan kebutuhan subsistensi dan pendapatan masyarakat. Potensial terjadinya konflik, baik antara masyarakat dengan perusahaan dalam kaitan dengan akses masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan dusun sagu di dalam areal konsesi perusahaan yang yang dienklavekan maupun antar masyarakat dalam kaitan dengan masyarakat pemilik hak ulayat dusun sagunya telah masuk sebagai areal konsesi perusahaan sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan subsistensi dan pendapatan terpaksa harus memanfaatkan HSA/dusun sagu milik masyarakat di luar kawasan konsesi perusahaan.
Abstract
Natural sago forests currently have great benefits in terms of food, substitution of food and raw materials for industries. In Eastern Indonesia, sago has been used extensively as a staple food by the people of Mollucans and Papuan. The research objective was to study the external intervention of the company to guarantee the subsistence and income of the Imekko community in the forest area of natural sago. The research was conducted in four districts, namely Inanwatan, Metemani, Kais and the Kokoda (Imekko) Sorong Selaatan regency. Districts selected purposively by considering having characteristics suitable locations, i.e. an area of distribution of Sago Natural Forest-targeting utilization by the company; and (b) people who live nearby and owners of customary rights over the Sago Natural Forests/sago villages, (c) community having disturbed the subsistence and income guarantee due to the intervention of both companies. The findings of this research showed that there were eight types of rights of access and use and sago villages to meet the needs of subsistence and incomes owners of customary rights, i.e. the right to access, collect the produce, use, control, manage, assign, reclaim, and property rights. These rights are limited only to the right of access, limited use and collect the produce due to the presence of both companies. Potential conflict, either between the company in terms of community access to the sago villages in the concession company that are in enclaving areas or among the public in relation to the customary communities that natural sago villages has been entered as a concession company. Therefore, to meet subsistence and income the communities now have to utilize the natural sago forest/sago village belonging to the community in outside the company's concession area.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anonim, 2013. Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Hidup (ANDAL): Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu pada Hutan Alam (UPHHBK-HA) Sagu dan Industri Pengolahan Pati Sagu. Perum Perhutani di Distrik Kais dan Metemani kabupaten Sorong Selatan Provinsi Papua Barat.
Baka, L.R., Hemon, T., and Pasolon, Y.B., 2010. System Enginering of Sago Agroindustry Development Using A Regional Approach. Advances in Mathematics and Statistical Science. 488-493.
Bantacut, T., 2014. Indonesian Staple Food Adaptations For Sustainability In Continuously Chaning Climates. Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences. 4(21):202-215.
Dounias, E., Selzner, A., Koizumi, M., and Levang, P., 2007. From Sago to Rice, from The Forest to Town: The Consequences of Sedentarization for the Nutritional Ecology of Punan Former Hunter-Gatherers of Borneo. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 28(2):S294-S312.
Ehara, H., Kosaka, S., Shimura, N., Matoyama, D., Morita, O., Naito, H., Mizota, C., Susanto, S., Bintoro, M.H., and Yamamoto, Y., 2003. Relationship Between Geographical Distribution and Genetic Distances of Sago Palm in the Malay Archipelago. Sago Palm, 11:8-13.
Ehara, H., 2009. Potency of Sago Palm as Carbohydrate Resource for Strengthening Food Security Program. J. Agron. Indonesia, 37(3):209-219.
Ellen, R., 2006. Local Knowledge and Management of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottboell) in South Central Seram, Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. Journal of Ethnobiology, 26(2):258-298.
Hayati, N., Purwanti, R., dan Kadir, A., 2014. Preferensi Masyarakat Terhadap Makanan Berbahan Baku sagu (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb) sebagai Alternatif Sumber Karohidrat di Kabupaten Luwu Utara Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial and Ekonomi Kehutanan, 11(2):82-90.
Jong, F.S., 2001. Sago Produduction in Tebing Tinggi Sub District, Riau, Indonesia. Sago Palm. 9:9-15.
Jong, F.S., 2004. Pembangunan Sebuah Perkebunan Sagu Secara Maju dengan Rekomendasi Khusus untuk Papua. Prosiding Lokakarya Nasional Pendayagunaan Pangan Spesifik Lokal Papua. Jayapura, 2 – 4 Desember 2003.
Laufa, T.M., 2004. Measuring Sago Starch Productivity Anoaripis of Malalaua Area, Papua New Guinea. Sago Palm, 12(2):1-13.
Luhulima, F., 2005. Feasibility Study of Natural Sagoo Forest for The Establishment of Commercial Sago Plantation in South Sorong, West Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Di dalam: Sago Palm Development and Utilization. Proceeding of the Eighth International Sago Symposium. Jayapura, 4 – 6 Agustus. Manokwari: Root Crops ang Sago Research Center. The State University of Papua.
Mamuaja, C.F., and Lamaega. J.C.E., 2015. Pembuatan Beras Analog dari Ubi Kayu, Pisang Goroho dan Sagu. J. Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, 3(20):8-14.
Nurhaedah, M., 2014. Manfaat Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) bagi Petani Hutan Rakyat di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Info Teknis Eboni, 11(2):95-102.
Obidzinski, K., Andriani, R., Komarudin, H., and Andrianto, A., 2012. Environmental and Social Impacts of Oil Palm Plantations and their Implications for Biofuel Production In Indonesia. Ecology and Society. 17(1):1-25.
Rahado, K., Kakisina, L.O. Amran, A. Setha, B. and Mailoa. M.N. 2013. Weeds Identification on Sago Palm Plant in The Banana-Based Reclamation Area with Natural Sago Palm Area as Comparison. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2 (6): 32-35.
Rembon, F.S., Pasolon, Y.B., Yamamoto, Y., and Yoshida, T., 2010. Physicochemical Properties of The Soils on The Sago Palm (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb.) Growing Area Around Kendari, Province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sago Palm, 18:6-18.
Sagrim, M. ,2014. Dinamika Struktur Hak Tenurial Adat Pada Masyarakat di Kawasan Hutan Sagu Alam Imekko Kabupaten Sorong Selatan Provinsi Papua Barat. Disertasi. Ilmu Kehutanan. Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda.
Sagrim, M., 2016. Impacts of Industry Toward the Structure of Customary Land Tenure on the Natural Sago Forest in Imekko, Sorong Selatan Regency-Wast Papua. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, 5:135-140.
Sukara, E., 2014. Tropical Forest Biodiversity to Provide Food, Health and Energy of the Rapid Growth of Modern Society. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 20:803-808.
Trisia, M.A., Megaragakusuma, A.P., Ozosawa, K., and Bai, H., 2016. Local Actions to Foster Climate Changes Adaptation Through Sago Palm Development Initiative: Examining The Case of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. European Journal of Sustainable Devlopment, 5(4):321-324.
Wardis, G., 2014. Socio Economic Factors That Have Influences The Dicline of Sago Consumption in Small Islands: The Case in Rural Maluku, Indonesia. South Pacific Studies, 34(2):99-116.
Yamamoto, Y., Rembon, F.S., Omori, K., Yoshida, T., Nitta, Y., Pasolon, Y.B., and Miyazaki, A., 2010. Growth Characteristic and Starch Productivity of The Three Varieties of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Trop. Agr. Develop. 54(1):1-8.
Yanagidate, I., Rembon, F.S., Yoshida, T., Yamamoto, Y., Pasolon, Y.B., Jong, F.S., Irawan, A.F., dan Miyazaki, A., 2009. Studies on Trunk Density and Prediction of Starch Productivity of Sago Palm (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb.): A Case Study of A Cultivated Sago Palm Garden Near Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi province. Indonesia. Sago palm, 17:1-8.
Yumte, Y., 2008. Penyusunan Model Penduga Berat Basah Tepung Sagu Duri (Metroxylon rumphii) di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan. Skripsi. Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.27147
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 4102 | views : 3734Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
JML Indexed by:
View My Stats