* Corresponding Author
KEHILANGAN KARBON AKIBAT DRAINASE DAN DEGRADASI LAHAN GAMBUT TROPIKA DI TRUMON DAN SINGKIL ACEH (Carbon Loss from Drainaged and Degradation of Tropical Peatland in Trumon and Singkil, Aceh)
https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18807 Aswandi Aswandi(1*), Ronggo Sadono(2), Haryono Supriyo(3), Hartono Hartono(4)
(1) Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Aek Nauli, Jl. Raya Parapat Km 10,5 Parapat 21174.
(2) Jurusan Manajemen Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281.
(3) Jurusan Silvikultur Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281.
(4) Fakultas Geografi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Kaliurang, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281.
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Ekosistem hutan gambut tropika merupakan penyimpan karbon potensial, tetapi konversi lahan dan penebangan tidak lestari menyebabkan ekosistem ini juga menjadi sumber emisi karbon ke atmosfer. Pengaruh perubahan penutupan lahan dan pembangunan drainase terhadap dinamika muka air, penurunan tanah dan kehilangan karbon masih belum banyak diketahui pada tipologi gambut pesisir dengan bentang lahan yang sempit. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada berbagai tipe penutupan lahan gambut di Trumon dan Singkil, Provinsi Aceh mulai Mei 2013 hingga Oktober 2014. Penyimpanan dan kehilangan karbon dihitung berdasarkan bobot isi, kadar abu, karbon organik tanah, dan kedalaman tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan penutupan lahan dan pembangunan drainase mempengaruhi tata air, penurunan tanah, dan kehilangan karbon sebesar 38,54 – 58,52%. Penurunan permukaan tanah tertinggi sebesar 5,6 cm/tahun terjadi pada lahan dengan bobot isi rendah dan intensitas drainase yang tinggi. Kehilangan karbon dari degradasi lahan gambut melepaskan sekitar1,352 ton CO2 eq/ha/tahun.
ABSTRACT
Tropical peat forest is one of significant atmospheric carbon sequester, but land conversion and illegal logging affects carbon stocks and transform these ecosystem into source of carbon emissions. The influence of land use change and drainage on water table fluctuation, soil subsidence and carbon loss are insufficiently known especially on typhology of narrow marine peatland. A study was conducted in Trumon and Singkil, Aceh Province from May 2012 until October 2014 in various peat land use types. Carbon stocks and carbon loss were calculated from data of bulk density, ash and carbon content, and peat depth. Results showed that land use types and distance from drainage influences the level of water table depth, subsidence rate, and carbon loss 38.54 – 58.52%. The highest subsidence rate occurred on peatlands which low bulk density and highly drainage intensity. Carbon loss from peat degradation released flux 1.352 ton CO2 eq/ha/year, highly correlated with measured rates of subsidence, depth of water table and bulk density.
Keywords
Full Text:
ARTIKEL LENGKAP (PDF)References
Anonim, 2010. Keadaan Hutan Indonesia. Forest Watch Indonesia Global Forest Watch. Bogor.
Chimner, R.A. dan Cooper, D.J., 2003. Influence of Water Table Position on CO2 Emissions in A Colorado Subalpine Fen: An In Situ Microcosm Study. Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, 35:345–351.
Dommain, R., Couwenberg, J. dan Joosten, H., 2010. Hydrological Self-regulation of Domed Peatlands in South-east Asia and Consequences for Conservation and Restoration. Mires and Peat. 6(5):1–17.
Etik, P.H., 2009. Emisi Karbon Dioksida (CO2) dan Metan (CH4) Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Lahan Gambut yang Memiliki Keragaman dalam Ketebalan Gambut dan Umur Tanaman. Disertasi: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Fraser, C.J.D., Roulet, N.I., dan Lafleur, M., 2001. Groundwater Flow Patterns in A Large Peatland. Journal of Hydrology, 246:142-154.
Gronlund, A., Atle, H., Anders, H. dan Daniel, P.R., 2008. Carbon Loss Estimates from Cultivated Peat Soils in Norway: A Comparison of Three Methods. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 81:157–167.
Hommeltenberg, J., Schmid, H.P., Drösler, M., dan Werle, P., 2014. Can a Bog Drained for Forestry be a Stronger Carbon Sink than A Natural Bog Forest? Biogeosciences, 11:3477–3493.
Hooijer, A., Page, S., Canadell, J.G., Silvius, M., Kwadijk, J., Wösten, H. dan Jauhiainen, J., 2010. Current and Future CO2 Emissions from Drained Peatlands in Southeast Asia. Biogeosciences, 7:1–10.
Joosten, H., 2009. Peatland Status and Drainage Related Emissions in All Countries of the World. The Global Peatland CO2 Picture. Wetlands International. www.wetlands.org. 35p.
Hirano T, Kusin K, Limin S, dan Osaki M., 2014. Carbon Dioxide Emissions Through Oxidative Peat Decomposition on A Burnt Tropical Peatland. Global Change Biologi, 20(10):555-565.
Krüger, J.P., Leifeld, J., Glatzel, S., Szidat, S. dan Alewell, C., 2015. Biogeochemical Indicators of Peatland Degradation – A Case Study of A Temperate Bog in Northern Germany. Biogeosciences, 12:2861–2871.
Las, I.K., Nugroho dan Hidayat, A., 2009. Strategi Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Untuk Pengembangan Pertanian Berkelanjutan. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Bogor. Jurnal Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian, 2(4):295-298.
Lisnawati, Y., Suprijo, H., Poedjirahajoe, E., dan Musyafa, M., 2014. Hubungan Kedekatan Ekologis Antara Fauna Tanah dengan Karakteristik Tanah Gambut yang Didrainase untuk HTI Acacia crassicarpa. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 21(2):170-178.
Maswar, Haridjaja, O., Sabiham, O., dan van Noordwijk, M., 2011. Cadangan, Kehilangan, dan Akumulasi Karbon pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Lahan Gambut Tropika. Journal of Soil and Land Utilization Management, 8(1):1-10.
Moore, S., Evans, C.D., Page, S.E., Garnett, M.H., Jones, T.G., Freeman, C. Hooijer, A., Wiltshire, A.J., Limin, S.H., dan Gauci, V., 2013. Deep Instability of Deforested Tropical Peatlands Revealed by Fluvial Organic Carbon Fluxes. Nature, 493:660-664.
Nusantara, R.W., Sudarmadji, S., Djohan, T.S., dan Haryono, E., 2014. Emisi CO2 Tanah Akibat Alih Fungsi Lahan Huta Rawa Gambut di Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 21(3):268-276.
Page, E.S., Siegert, F., Rieley, J.O., Boehm, H.D.V., Jaya, A. dan Limin, S., 2002. The Amount of Carbon Released from Peat and Forest Fires in Indonesia During 1997. Nature, 420:61-65.
Schipper, L.A., dan McLeod, M., 2002. Subsidence Rates and Carbon Loss in Peat Soils Following Conversion to Pasture in the Waikato Region, New Zealand. Soil Use and Management, 18(2):91-93.
Siegel, D.I., Glaser, P.H., So, J., dan Janecky, D.R., 2006. The Dynamic Balance Between Organic Acids and Circumneutral Groundwater in A Large Boreal Peat Basin. Journal of Hydrology, 320:421-431.
Suwondo, Sabiham, S., Sumardjo, dan Pramudya, B., 2011. Efek Pembukaan Lahan terhadap Karakteristik Biofisik Gambut pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Bengkalis. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 14(2):143-149.
Susanne, M.S. dan Price, J.S., 1999. Soil Water Flow Dynamics in Managed Cutover Peat Field, Quebec: Field and Laboratory Investigations. Water Resouces Research. 35(12):3675-3683.
Wahyunto, Ritung, S., dan Subagjo, H., 2005. Map of Peatland Distribution Area and Carbon Content in Sumatra. Wetland International-Indonesia Program and Wildlife Habitat Canada (WHC). Bogor.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18807
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 5385
| 
views : 4358
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan
JML Indexed by:
