* Corresponding Author
PENCEMARAN KADMIUM DI SEDIMEN WADUK SAGULING PROVINSI JAWA BARAT (Cadmium Pollution in Saguling DAM Sediment West Java Province)
https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18802 Eka Wardhani(1*), Dwina Roosmini(2), Suprihanto Notodarmojo(3)
(1) Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknologi Sipil dan Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganeca No 10, Bandung 40132
(2) Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknologi Sipil dan Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganeca No 10, Bandung 40132
(3) Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknologi Sipil dan Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganeca No 10, Bandung 40132
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Sungai Citarum Hulu merupakan sumber air utama Waduk Saguling. Kualitas air sungai ini telah mengalami penurunan bahkan terpantau beberapa logam berat terkandung dalam air Sungai Citarum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pencemaran Cd di sedimen Waduk Saguling pada dua musim yang berbeda. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di 10 titik di Waduk Saguling. Penelitian mengkaji perbedaan konsentrasi Cd pada Bulan Juli 2015 mewakili musim kemarau dan Bulan November 2015 mewakili musim hujan. Sedimen yang diperiksa merupakan sedimen permukaan pada kedalaman 0-10 cm pada dasar waduk. Konsentrasi Cd di sedimen dianalisis menggunakan ICP-MS. Tingkat pencemaran sedimen akibat Cd dinilai dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu: faktor contaminasi/contamination factor, CF dan indeks pencemaran logam/Metal Pollution Index, MPI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian konsentrasi Cd dalam air selama satu dekade mulai tahun 2008-2014 cenderung mengalami peningkatan, dengan konsentrasi berkisar antara 0 mg/L-0,14 mg/L. Konsentrasi rata-rata Cd di sedimen Waduk Saguling pada Bulan Juli 2015 mewakili musim kemarau sebesar 13,54 mg/kg, sedangkan pada Bulan November 2015 mewakili musim hujan sebesar 21,08 mg/kg. Konsentrasi Cd di sedimen Waduk Saguling tidak memenuhi baku mutu kualitas sedimen berdasarkan baku mutu yang berlaku di Australian dan New Zaeland mengingat Indonesia belum memiliki baku mutu kualitas sedimen yaitu sebesar 1,5 mg/kg. Hasil penilaian kualitas sedimen dengan menggunakan metode CF di semua titik penelitian di Waduk Saguling termasuk kategori terkontaminasi sangat tinggi sedangkan berdasarkan hasil penilaian dengan MPI kualitas sedimen Waduk Saguling termasuk kategori tercemar oleh logam berat Cd. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan bagi pengelolaan Waduk Saguling mengenai kondisi pencemaran logam berat yang telah terjadi di waduk tersebut.
ABSTRACT
Citarum river is the main water source for Saguling Dam. The river waters quality has decreased even observed some heavy metals contained in the water. The aims of this study to assess Cd contamination in Saguling sediments in two different seasons. Location of the study conducted at 10 points in Saguling. The study evaluated the differences concentration of Cd in July 2015 represents the dry season and November 2015 represents the rainy season. Surface sediments samples taken from 0-10 cm a depth. Cd concentrations in sediments were analyzed using ICP-MS. Sediment contamination level assessed using two methods which are Contamination Factor (CF), and Metal Pollution Index (MPI). Based on the research Cd concentration in water for a decade beginning in 2008-2014 tended to increase, with concentrations ranging from 0 mg/L-0.14 mg/L. Average concentrations of Cd in sediments Saguling in July 2015 represents the dry season was 13.54 mg/kg, while in November 2015 amounted to 21.08 mg/kg. Cd concentrations in Saguling sediments not meet the quality standards based on Australian and New Zaeland standard of 1.5 mg/kg. Sediments quality assessment using the CF the category of very high contamination at all samples points in Saguling, while based on the MPI sediment quality Saguling polluted by heavy metals Cd. Results of this study can be considered for the management Saguling on the condition that heavy metal pollution occurs in the reservoir.
Keywords
Full Text:
ARTIKEL LENGKAP (PDF)References
Anonim, 1999. Peraturan Pemerintah Tentang: Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah No. 18 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Anonim, 2000. ANZECC Interm Sediment Quality Guigelines Report for the Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist Sydney, Australia: ANZECC ISQG-Low. Australian and New Zealand Environmental and Concervation Council, Brisbane.
Anonim, 2001. Peraturan Pemerintah No 82 tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Anonim, 2005. Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21 edition. American Public Health Association. Washington DC.
Anonim, 2011. Laporan Pemantauan Kualitas Lingkungan Kabupaten Bandung 2011. Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Bandung, Bandung.
Anonim, 2012. Direktori Perusahaan. Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Anonim, 2013. Data SLHD Kota Bandung. Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bandung, Bandung.
Anonim, 2014. Indonesia Power Unit Bisnis Pembangkit Saguling Laporan Hasil Pemantauan Kualitas Air Waduk Saguling tahun 2014. Pembangkit Listrik Negara Republik Indonesia, Bandung.
Arain, M.B., Kazi, T.G., Jamli, M.K., Jalbani, N., Afridi, H.I, dan Shah, A., 2008. Total Dissolved and Bioavailable Elements in Water and Sediment Samples and Their Accumulation in Oreochromis mossanibicus of Polluted Manchar Lake. Chemosphere, 70:1845-1856.
Botsou, F., Karageorgis, A.P., Dassenakis, E.M., dan Scoullos, M., 2011. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination and Mineral Magnetic Characterization of The Asopos River Sediments (Central Greece). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62:547-563.
Bo, B., Wu, H.S., dan Zhou, L.J., 2015. Contamination and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils Irrigated With Biogas Slurry: A Case Study of Taihu Basin; Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 187:155.
Darmono, 1995. Logam dalam Sistem Biologi Makhluk Hidup, Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Dauvalter, V., dan Rognerrud, S., 2001. Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediments of The Pasvik River Drainage. Chemosphere, 42:9-18.
Fasmi, A., 2013, Distribusi dan Prediksi Tingkat Pencemaran Logam Berat (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, dan Ni) dalam Sedimen di Perairan Pulau Bangka Menggunakan Indeks Beban Pencemaran dan Indeks Geoakumulasi. Fakultas Perikanan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Fu, J., Hu, X., Tao, X., Yu, H., dan Zhang, X., 2013. Risk and Toxicity Assessments of Heavy Metals in Sediments and Fishes from the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake, China. Chemosphere, 93:1887-1895.
Sekabira, K, Oryem, O.H., Basamba, T.A., Mutumba, G., dan Kakudidi, E., 2010. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in The Urban Stream Sediment and Its Tributaries. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7(3):435-446.
Hakanson, L., 1980. Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control. A Sedimentological Approach. Water Res., 14(5):975-1001.
Hawkes, H.E, dan Webb, J.S., 1962. Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration, Harper, New York.
Kishe, M.A., dan Machiwa, J.F., 2003. Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Environ. Int. 28:619-625.
Mohiuddin, K.M., Ogawa, Y., Zakir, H.M., Otomo, K., dan Shikazono, N., 2011. Heavy Metals Contamination in Water and Sediment of an Urban River in a Developing Country, Int. J. Environ. Sci Tech, 8(4):723-736.
Leung, H.M., Leung, A.O.W., Wang, H.S., Ma, K.K., Liang, Y., Ho, K.C., Cheung, K.C., Tohidi, F., dan Yung, K.K.L., 2014. Assessment of Heavy Metals/Metalloid (As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn) Concentrations in Edible Fish Species Tissue in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 78:235-245.
Liu, Y., Yuke, P., Dongmei, Y., Qian, Y., dan Lin, X., 2015. Assessment of Heavy Metal Enrichment, Bioavailability, and Controlling Factor in Sedimen in Taihu Lake, China. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 24:262-275.
Luoma, S.N., dan Rainbow, P.S., 2008. Metal Contamination in Aquatic Environment: Science and Lateral Management, Cambridge, New York, 573 pp.
Mc Bride, M.B., 1994. Environmetal Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press. New York 406.pp.
Varol, M., 2011. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments of The Tigris River (Turkey) Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistical Techniques. Journal of Hazardous Material, 195:355-364.
Nguyen, H.L., Leemakers, M., Kurunczi, S., Boza, L., dan Baeyens, M., 2005. Mercury Distribution and Speciatiation in Lake Balaton, Hungary. Sci. Total Environ., 340:231-246.
Pradit, S., Wattayakorn, G., Angsupanich, S., Baeyens, W., dan Leemakers, M., 2010. Distribution of Trace Element in Sediments and Biota of Songkhla Lake. Southern Thailand. Wat. Air. Soil Pollut, 206:155-174.
Prinju, C.P., dan Narayana, A.C., 2006. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Trace Element Contents in Tropical Lagoon, Southwest Coast of India: Environmental Implicatitions. J. Coas. Res. 39:1053-1057.
Puttaiah, E.T., dan Kiran, B.H., 2008. Heavy Metal Tranport in a Sewage Feb Lake of Karrataka, India. In: Proceedings of Taal 2007. The 12 th Lake Conference, pp.347-354.
Sankar, T.V., Zynudheen, A.A., Anandan, P.G., dan Viswanathan, N.P.G., 2006. Distribution of Organo Chlorine Pesticides and Heavy Metal Residues in Fish and Shell Fish from Calicut Region, Kerala, India. Chemosphere, 65:583-590.
Santolin, C., Ciminelli, V.A., Virginia., S.T., Clesia, N.C., dan Claudia, W.C., 2015. Distribution and Environmental Impact Evaluation of Metals in Sediment from the Doce River Basin, Brazil. Environ. Earth Sci. , 74(2):1235–1248.
Sayadi, M.H., Rezaei, M.R., dan Rezaei, A., 2015 Sediment Toxicity and Ecological Risk of Trace Metals from Streams Surrounding a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 94(5):559-63.
Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M., dan Marshall, F., 2007. Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil and Vegetables in Sub Urban Areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 66:258-266.
Solaraj, G., Dhanakumar, S., Murthy, K.R., dan Mohanraj, R., 2010, Water Quality in Select Regions of Cauvery Delta River Basin, Southern India, with Emphasis on Monsoonal Variation. Environ. Monit. Assess., 166:435-444.
Rahman, M.S., Molla, A.H., dan Arafat, S.M.Y., 2010. Status of Pollution Around Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Its Impaction Bangshi River Water, Bangladesh. J. Nat. Sci. Sustain. Technol., 4:91-110.
Ren-Ying, L., Har, Y., Zhi-Gao., Jun-Jie, L., Xiao-Hua, S., dan Feng, J., 2007. Fractionation of Heavy Metal in Sediment from Dianchi Lake China. Phedosphere, 17:265-272.
Taweel, A., Othman, M.S., dan Ahmad, A.K., 2013. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Tilapia Fish (Oreo chromisniloticus) from The Langat River and Engineering Lake in Bangi, Malaysia, and Evaluation of the Health Risk from Tilapia Consumption. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 93:45-51.
Thomilson, D.C, Wilson, J.G., Harris, C.R., dan Jeffery, D.W., 1980, Problems in The Assessment of Heavy Metals Levels in Estuaries and The Formation of a Pollution Index, Helgol, Wiss, Meeresunters, 33(1-4):566-575.
Wang, Z., Sun, R., Zhang, H., dan Liding, C., 2015. Analysis and Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Water and Sediment: A Case Study from Luan River, Northern China. Front Environ. Sci. Eng. 9(2):240-249.
Wei, B., dan Yang, L., 2010. A Review of Heavy Metal Contaminations in urban Soils, Urban Road Dust Sand Agricultural Soils from China. Microchem. J., 94:99-107.
Wedepohl, K.H., 1995. The Composition of The Contonental Crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimoca Acta, 59:1217-1232.
Yin, H., Gao, Y., dan Fan, C., 2011. Distribution, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from Lake Taihu, China. Environ. Res., 6(4):1-11.
Zheng, L.G., Liu, G.J., Kang, Y., dan Yang, R.K., 2010. Some Potensial Hazardous Trace Elements Contaminations and Their Ecological Risk in Sediment of Western Chaohu Lake, China, Environ. Monit. Assess., 166:379-386.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18802
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 6912
| 
views : 6129
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan
JML Indexed by:
