Cover Image

OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BRIKET BIOMASSA MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI GUNA MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN (Optimization of Biomass Briquettes Production Process Using Taguchi Method)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18733

Musabbikhah Musabbikhah(1*), Harwin Saptoadi(2), Subarmono Subarmono(3), Muhammad Arif Wibisono(4)

(1) Fakultas Teknik, Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika no.2 Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Fakultas Teknik, Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika no.2 Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Fakultas Teknik, Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika no.2 Yogyakarta 55281
(4) Fakultas Teknik, Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika no.2 Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Permasalahan yang dihadapi pembuat dan pengguna briket adalah briket yang dihasilkan kualitasnya rendah ditinjau dari nilai kalor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kualitas briket terbaik dari limbah biomassa dalam memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakar alternatif rumah tangga yang murah dan ramah lingkungan guna mewujudkan masyarakat mandiri energi. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan kualitas briket adalah metode Taguchi. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah tekanan pengepressan, waktu penahanan, model cetakan, suhu pengeringan, lama pengeringan dan komposisi bahan, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah nilai kalor briket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas briket terbaik ditinjau dari nilai kalor tertinggi yaitu pada setting parameter A2B1C2D2E2F1, artinya tekanan pengepressan 225 kg/cm2, waktu penahanan 5 menit, model cetakan sarang tawon (kotak), suhu pengeringan 60 °C, lama pengeringan 3 hari, perbandingan limbah jarak pagar : arang sekam : arang tempurung kelapa : perekat adalah 5 : 3: 2 : 1. Rata-rata nilai kalor biobriket yang dihasilkan sebesar 5.323 kal/g. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa briket mempunyai nilai kalor yang tinggi dan memenuhi SNI, sehingga briket layak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan.

ABSTRACT

Problems that encountered on manufacturers and users of briquettes is low quality of the briquettes in terms of heat value. The aim of this research is to determine the best quality of the briquette which is made from biomass waste. The briquette is expected to be used to fulfill the need of inexpensive and environmentally friendly of alternative household fuel, by which the energy independent community could be realized.The method used to determine the quality of the briquette is Taguchi method. The independent variables involved are compressive strength, holding time, mold model, drying temperature, drying time and material composition. The dependent variable is the highest heat value of the briquette. The results show that based on the highest heat value, the best briquette quality is parameter setting of A2B1C2D2E2F1, which means that the compressive strength is 225 kg/cm2, the holding time is 5 minutes, the mold model is honeycomb of box, drying temperature is 60 °C, drying time is 3 days and the ratio of Jatropha Curcas waste : rice husk charcoal : coconut shell charcoal : adhesive is 5 : 3: 2 : 1. The average heat value of briquette is 5,323 cal/g. This matter the briquettes show that high heat value and feasible of recommendation by SNI, and so briquette decent to fulfill the need of environment friendly alternative fuel.


Keywords


bahan bakar; briket; biomassa; energi alternatif; limbah padat; nilai kalor; ramah lingkungan; alternative energy; briquette; biomass; charcoal; environment friendly; heat value; solid waste



References

Anonim, 2007. BPS Kabupaten Boyolali. Boyolali.

Budiman, S., Sukrido, dan Harliana, A., 2008. Pembuatan Biobriket dari Campuran Bungkil Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas.L) dengan Sekam sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif. Prosiding Seminar Rekayasa Kimia dan Proses, Teknik Kimia, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Changdong, S., dan Azevedo, J.L.T., 2005. Estimating the Higher Heating Value of Biomass Fuels from Basic Analysis Data. Biomass and Bioenergy, 28:499–507.

Chou, S.C., Lin, H.S., Peng, C.C., dan Lu, C.W., 2009. The Optimum Conditions for Preparing Solid Fuel Briquette of Rice Straw by a Piston-Mold Process using the Taguchi Method. Fuel Processing Technology, 90:1041–1046.

Gómez, R., Gallego, E., Fuentesa, J.M., Montellano, G.C., dan Ayuga, F., 2014. Values for Particle-Scale Properties of Biomass Briquettes Made from Agroforestry Residues. Particuology, 12:100-106.

Jianfeng, S., Shuguang, Z., Xinzhi, L., Houlei, Z., dan Junjie, T., 2010. The Prediction of Elemental Composition of Biomass Based on Proximate Analysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 51:983–987.

Jianfeng, S., Shuguang, Z., Xinzhi, L., Houlei, Z., dan Junjie, T., 2012. Measurement of Heating Value of Rice Husk by Using Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter with Benzoic Acid as Combustion Adjuvant. Energy Procedia, 17:208–213.

Longjian, C., Xing, L., dan Lujia, H., 2009. Renewable Energy from Agro-Residues in China: Solid Biofuels and Biomass Briquetting Technology Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 13:2689–2695.

Nicolo, B., 1995. Quality by Design Taguchi Techniques for Industrial Experimentation. Prentice Hall International, London.

Pal, S., dan Gauri, S.K., 2010. Assessing Effectiveness of the Various Performance Metrics for Multi-Response Optimization using Multiple Regression. Journal of Computers & Industrial Engineering, 59:976–985.

Putro, S., Musabbikhah, dan Hartati, S., 2013. Variasi Parameter Biomassa untuk Meminimasi Kadar Air Biobriket Guna Menciptakan Energi Alternatif yang Murah dan Ramah Lingkungan. Prosiding Simposium Nasional RAPI ke XII, 5 Desember 2013, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, hal 79-86.

Putro, S., Musabbikhah, dan Hartati, S., 2014. Setting Parameter yang Optimal pada Proses Pembriketan Limbah Biomassa Guna Mendapatkan Kadar Air Briket Minimal dalam Menciptakan Enegri Altrenatif yang Ekonomis. Prosiding Simposium Nasional RAPI ke XIII, 4 Desember 2014, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, hal 70-76.

Ross, P.J., 1998. Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering. Second Edition, MC Graw Hill Book Company, New York.

Saptoadi, H., 2008. The Best Biobriquette Dimension and its Particle Size. Asian J. Energy Environ. 9:161-175.

Saptoadi, Untoro, B., Surono, Nugroho, A., Pambudi, dan Sudarwanto, 2009. Utilization of Indigenous Biomass Wastes as Low Cost Alternative Fuels. International Conference on Alternative Energy Applications, Nopember 2-5, Kuwait.

Simone, P.P., Francesco, V., Adriano, M.L., dan Mentore, V., 2014. Design and Performance Assessment of a Rice Husk Fueled Stove for Household Cooking in A Typical Sub-Saharan Setting. Energy for Sustainable Development, 23:15–24.

Stolarski, M.J., Szczukowski, S., Tworkowski, J., Krzyzaniak, M., Gulczynski, P., dan Mleczek, M., 2013. Comparison of Quality and production Cost of Briquettes Made from Agricultural and Forest Origin Biomass. Renewable Energy, 57:20-26.

Surono, U.B., 2010. Peningkatan Kualitas Pembakaran Biomassa Limbah Tongkol Jagung sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif dengan Proses Karbonisasi dan Pembriketan, Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 4(1):13-18.

Subarmono, Jamasri, Wildan, M.W., dan Kusnanto., 2010. Mechanical Properties of Alumunium Fly Ash Composites Produced by Hot Extrusion. J. Mater. Sci. Res, 7(1):95–100

Subarmono., Jamasri., Wildan, M.W., dan Kusnanto, 2011. Utilization of Fly Ash Waste as Reinforcement of Aluminium Matrix Composite Produced Using Powder Metallurgy. J. Manusia dan Lingkungan, 18(2):98-104.

Thomas, Q., Patrick, S., dan Yann, L., 2011. Development of a Trade-off Function for Robust Optimization Problems in Design Engineering. Proceedings of the IMProVe, International Conference on Innovative Methods in Product Design, 15-17 Juni, Venice, 603-611.

Wardono, 2010. Budi Daya Jarak Pagar oleh Kelompok Tani Ternak Sumber Rejeki di Boyolali, Diklat Pelatihan Usaha Tani. Boyolali.

Yuwono, T., Musabbikhah, dan Suhartoyo., 2011. Variasi Komposisi Limbah Jarak Pagar, Limbah Pertanian, Tekanan Pengepresan dan Waktu Pengeringan untuk Mengoptimalkan Kuat Tekan Biobriket dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Masyarakat Mandiri Energi. Jurnal Eksplorasi, 23(1):84-93.

Zhang, J., dan Guo, Y., 2014. Physical Properties of Solid Fuel Briquettes Made from Caragana korshinskii Kom. Powder Technology, 256:293-299.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18733

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 11071 | views : 23824

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan



JML Indexed by:

  

Web
Analytics View My Stats