EFEK PERLAKUAN LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM TERHADAP APOPTOSIS MELALUI AKTIVASI CASPASE-3 BULU BABI Deadema setosum: APLIKASI BIOMONITORING PENCEMARAN DI PERAIRAN LAUT (Effect of Cadmium Heavy Metal Treatment Toward Apoptosis Through Caspase-3 Activation of Sea)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Kadmium yang terakumulasi pada hewan dapat menyebabkan karsinogenik, mutagenik, dan teratogenik. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan secara eksperimen nonfaktorial dalam RAL 6 level dengan 7 ulangan selama 4 minggu, untuk mengkaji efek perlakuan logam berat Cd terhadap apoptosis melalui aktivasi protein caspase-3 bulu babi Deadema setosum. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Balai LIPI Ambon dalam 6 bak aquarium berukuran 100 x 60 x 70 cm³.Tiap bak perlakuan diisi 200 L air laut yang diganti satu kali setiap minggu. Konsentrasi perlakuan adalah 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, dan 12 µg/L Cd terlarut. Pada tiap bak diterapkan satu level perlakuan konsentrasi Cd, dan tiap bak itu dihuni oleh 7 individu D. setosum sebagai ulangan. Usia hewan uji sekitar 8 bulan berbobot 90 g dengan lingkar tubuh 15 cm. Hewan uji diberi pakan lamun. Pengukuran konsentrasi protein caspase-3 dilakukan pada organ hepar dengan metode Caspase Colorimetric Assay Kit, sedangkan pemeriksaan apoptosis dilakukan dengan teknik pengecatan Hematoxilen-Eosin (HE). Data penelitian terkait konsentrasi protein caspase-3 dianalisis dengan One Way Anova dan uji lanjut dihitung dengan Duncan 0,05. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan Cd sangat signifikan meningkatkan kadar protein caspase-3; semakin tinggi kadar Cd, kadar protein caspase-3 juga makin tinggi. Konsentrasi protein caspase-3 pada konsentrasi perlakuan 12 µg/L Cd adalah yang paling tinggi dibanding kontrol. Gambaran histologi hepar D. setosum yang mengalami apoptosis atas dasar pengecatan HE sangat sesuai dengan tiap konsentrasi protein caspase-3 yang terekam. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa protein caspase-3 memiliki potensi sebagai satu alternatif biomonitoring pencemaran Cd pada tingkat seluler D. setosum di perairan laut. 

ABSTRACT

Cadmium which accumulated in animals could cause carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. In this research, non factorial experiments conducted in Complete Random Design (CRD) 6 level with 7 replication for 4 weeks, in order to examine effect of Cd heavy metal treatment toward apoptosis through caspase-3 protein activation in sea urchin Deadema setosum.  Research conducted in LIPI Ambon laboratory using 6 aquarium tank size 100 x 60 x 70 cm3. Each tank was filled with 200 litres of sea waters that being replace once a week. Treatment concentrations in tanks  are containing 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 µg/L dissolved Cd. In each tank there is one level Cd concentration treatment level, and each tank was filled with 7 Deadema setosum individual as replication. The age of animals is approximately 8 month with the weight 90 gram and body circumference 15 cm. These animals were fed with seagrass. Measurement of Caspase-3 protein concentration was conducted in heparin organ using the method Caspase Colorimetric Assay kit, while apoptosis examination was conducted by painting technique using Hematoxilen-Eosin (HE) in Physiology and Histology Laboratory of Medical Faculty Brawijaya University. Research data concerning caspase-3 protein concentration was analyzed by One Way Anova and further test was calculated by  Duncan 0.05. Result of this research showed that Cd treatment is significantly increasing caspase-3 protein content; higher Cd content, caspase-3 protein would essentially higher. Caspase-3 protein concentration in treatment concentration of 12 µg/L is the highest compared to control treatment. Histological description of Deadema setosum heparin organ that experiencing apoptosis based on HE painting is in accord with each recorded caspase-3 protein concentration. This result showed that caspase-3 protein has the potential to become one alternative in Cd pollution biomonitoring at celluler level of Deadema setosum in the sea.