PENGARUH AKTIVITAS ANTROPOGENIK DI SUNGAI CILIWUNG TERHADAP KOMUNITAS LARVA TRICHOPTERA (Effect of Anthropogenic Activities on Trichoptera Larvae Community in Ciliwung River)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Sungai Ciliwung merupakan salah satu sungai besar di Propinsi Jawa Barat yang sekarang telah mengalami pencemaran organik dan kontaminasi oleh logam merkuri. Adanya pencemaran di Sungai Ciliwung dikhawatirkan dapat mengganggu keseimbangan ekologi dari larva serangga Trichoptera. Oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengungkap pengaruh aktivitas antropogenik pada Sungai Ciliwung terhadap komunitas larva Trichoptera. Pengambilan larva dilakukan dengan menggunakan jala surber dengan limakali ulangan setiap lokasi. Analisis korelasi pearson-product moment menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang kuat (r > 0,5) antara metrik biologi jumlah taksa, jumlah skor Stream Invertebrate Grade Number-Average level SIGNAL, % kelimpahan dominansi 3, dan indeks SIGNAL dengan variabel lingkungan: suhu air, coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), kandungan oksigen terlarut (DO), konduktivitas, total padatan tersuspensi (TDS), C dan N dalam partikulat, nitrat, amonium, ortofosfat, COD, logam merkuri di air dan sedimen, indeks habitat, distribusi partikel, turbiditas, indeks kimia Kirchoff, dan indeks pencemaran logam merkuri di sedimen. Larva Trichoptera Helicopsyche, Apsilochorema, Caenota, Ulmerochorema, Chimarra, Antipodoecia, Diplectrona, Anisocentropus, Lepidostoma, Genus Hel.C cenderung dicirikan oleh tingkat pencemaran organik yang rendah, tingginya komposisi % kerikil dan CPOM, dan kondisi habitat yang minim mengalami gangguan. Sebaliknya Glososomatidae genus 1, Cheumatopsyche, Setodes, dan Tinodes cenderung lebih toleran terhadap polutan organik, rendahnya CPOM, tingginya variabel turbiditas, konsentrasi merkuri di sedimen, TDS, dan % clay.  

ABSTRACT

Ciliwung River is one of the major rivers in the area of West Java which is influenced by organic pollution and mercury contamination. The contamination may disrupt the ecological balance of Trichoptera insect larvae. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities occurring in the Ciliwung River on Trichoptera larvae community. Larvae collection was conducted using surber with five replications per location. Pearson-product moment correlation analysis showed a strong correlation (r> 0.5) between the number of taxa biological metrics, the number of scores Stream Invertebrate Grade Number-Average ( SIGNAL), and % abundance of three dominance Trichoptera larvae with environmental variables, i.e.water temperature, coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, total suspended solids (TDS), C and N in the seston, nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphoric, chemical oxygen demand (COD), metallic mercury in water, sediment, habitat index, distribution of particles, turbidity, chemical Kirchoff index, and index mercury pollution in sediments. Larvae of Trichoptera Helicopsyche, Apsilochorema, Caenota, Ulmerochorema, Chimarra, Antipodoecia, Diplectrona, Anisocentropus, Lepidostoma, and Genus Hel.C tend to be characterized by low organic pollution,% gravel, CPOM, and minimum disruption habitat conditions. While Glososomatidae Genus 1, Cheumatopsyche, Setodes, and Tinodes are relatively more tolerant to organic pollutant, low CPOM, high turbidity, the concentration of mercury in sediment, TDS, and % clay.